Showing papers on "Afterburner published in 1974"

Combined cycle electric power plant and a gas turbine and afterburner having coordinated fuel transfer

Abstract: A combined cycle power plant includes gas and steam turbines, gas turbine afterburners, steam generators, and a digital/analog control system. A megawatt load control system varies a fuel control signal to govern a detected power output according to a reference value, the fuel control signal determining the flow rate of fuel to a gas turbine. An afterburner is connected to heat the exhaust gas from the gas turbine. Both the gas turbine and the afterburner are adapted to use gas and liquid fuels. During gas turbine fuel transfer, the gas and liquid fuel flows are controlled in response to the fuel control signal to compensate power output disturbances that typically result from various nonlinearities of fuel system elements. Afterburner fuel transfer is initiated upon completion of gas turbine transfer. During afterburner transfer, the output signals of a temperature controller that otherwise determine the positions of the afterburner fuel control valves are interrupted, and a burner supervisor generates such signals to transfer afterburner fuel flow at a desired flow rate. Upon completion of transfer the burner supervisor returns control of the fuel valve positions to the controller, which resumes control bumplessly.

Apparatus for determining the gross thrust of a jet engine

Abstract: Apparatus is known for determining the total pressure in the nozzle of an afterburning jet engine without using an immersed probe downstream of the afterburner. This known apparatus uses tailpipe pressures as the only variables used to determine nozzle total pressure, however it is based on an engine having a cylindrical afterburner tailpipe, having no cooling air introduced upstream of the nozzle entrance, and it neglects frictional factors in the working fluid. The present invention takes into account in the determination of nozzle total pressure, the following factors: the tailpipe liner need not be cylindrical, cooling air may be added, and frictional effects are considered. The apparatus determines nozzle total pressure in an afterburning engine whether or not the afterburner is operating and without requiring an input to show whether or not the afterburner is operating. A further embodiment determines the engine gross thrust using nozzle total pressure as one parameter in the determination.

Pulse-jet engine with variable volume combustion chamber

Abstract: The specification discloses a propulsion unit made up of an outer burner wall that is generally polyhedronical and/or generally conical at its forward component and generally cylindrical at its rearward end, a combustion shell concentrically disposed inside the outer burner wall and defining an annular space for combustion between them. Fuel lines are connected to feed fuel directly to the annular space. A cylindrical shell is supported around the burner wall, open at the front, to gather ram air. Flutter valves close intermittently in accordance with the spark plug sparks and/or predetermined combustion rates. The pulse jet section fuel nozzles admit fuel to the forward continuous annular generally conical combustion space forming the pulse jet section and afterburner fuel nozzles admit fuel to the more central and rearward portions of said generally annular combustion space which form the first stages of the afterburner section. An electric motor moves the inner shell relative to the outer shell to change the size of the space between them, thus regulating combustion chamber volume as required. This makes it possible to use the propulsion unit at low speeds as well as high speeds and makes possible lower as well as higher predetermined combustion rates. The combination of shells results in a multi-stage pulse jet unit and a multi-stage afterburner unit. The two units operate to provide a highly efficient jet engine, capable at its higher propulsive effort of becoming a self-propelled ram jet engine.

Turbulent bed incinerator for partially dewatered sludge - secondary combustion air injectors inclined adjustably towards afterburner

Abstract: A turbulent bed furnace for incinerating partially de-watered sludge, has a bed formed by a mass of particles of refractory material, maintained in a state of agitation by compressed air fed in from below, which also partially satisfies the combustion requirements, whilst the sludge is injected from above; a combustion zone is provided above the turbulent layer, and larger in section than it; and having a horizontal roof in which a cylindrical afterburning chamber is arranged; has nozzles arranged close to the afterburning chamber inlet for the injection of secondary combustion air. The nozzles are adjustable in their oblique alignment towards the turbulent bed and their tangential direction towards the section of the afterburning chamber inlet. Improved recovery of the heat energy made available. Coarser particles of sludge lifted from the bed, are blown back by the flow from the inclined secondary air nozzles, and burned completely.

Annular piston engine with afterburner and separable power turbine

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an annular or ring-type cylinder and piston therein; exhaust ports from the cylinder lead to an afterburner reactor situated generally medially of the annular cylinder; the exhaust gases are further burned within the afterburner section; to further reduce pollutants during the afterburning process, additional air is pumped into the afterburner section as by the ring piston due to its special configuration enabling it to accomplish, for example, triple functions such as: (a) to act as a power transmitting means, (b) to act as a pumping means to supply the engine''s combustion chamber with scavenging air and/or an air-fuel mixture, and (c) to act as an air pumping means to supply desired quantities of ambient air into the afterburner section even in timed intervals with a constant predetermined pressure and predetermined quantities in order to thereby maximize the degree of control of the temperature generated in the afterburner and thereby more nearly fully oxidize the unburned fuel residues entering the afterburner. The ring piston is so constructed that it can be operatively connected to an output shaft as through the use of only a single crank, single connecting rod and wrist pin. Further, to extract a considerable amount of energy from the waste exhaust gases leaving the afterburner, a power turbine is provided which is within the exit path of the exhaust gases. The power turbine is conveniently incorporated as into the engine head and the turbine output shaft is either geared by reduction gear means to work in unison with the output crank shaft, or the turbine shaft rotates at an independent speed and is geared to drive (some or all of) the engine and/or vehicular accessories.

Afterburner apparatus for incinerators or the like

Abstract: An afterburner apparatus to eliminate combustible products in exhaust gases so as to produce a substantially pollution-free gas for discharge to atmosphere. The afterburner apparatus is especially suitable for use with incinerators wherein the exhaust gases from the main combustion chamber oftentimes contain burnable waste products due to incomplete combustion. However, it may also be used with other types of combustion equipment, such as furnaces, gas heaters, or the like, wherein they, too, discharge exhaust gases having some burnable waste products therein. The afterburner apparatus provides for a more complete comsumption of waste products in that it is capable of obtaining a higher temperature in its combustion zone because heated air is supplied thereto to support combustion, the use of the heated air resulting in a saving in the amount of fuel used to fire the combustion chamber. Ancillary to this, the heated air for the combustion chamber of the afterburner apparatus is heated by transfer of heat from already treated flue gases, and by not utilizing heat from the exhaust gases prior to their entry into the combustion chamber, these exhaust gases entering at a higher temperature, thus, making it easier to maintain the proper temperature in the combustion chamber.

Catalytic exhaust gas afterburner - wit heater on smaller unit near engine actuated by ignition switch and thermocouple

Abstract: A catalytic after combustion system for the exhaust gases of motor cars is divided into a small catalytic unit close to the engine, and a larger one at a suitable remote spot. The small unit is fitted with an electric heater which is cut in by the ignition switch and cuts out when a certain temp. has been reached. This produces purified exhaust gases from the start. A temporary stop of the car engine still keeps the small catalytic unit at a high temp., thus improving its efficiency.

Cold-flow performance of several variations of a ram-air-cooled plug nozzle for supersonic-cruise aircraft

Abstract: Experimental data were obtained with a 21.59 cm (8.5 in.) diameter cold-flow model in a static altitude facility to determine the thrust and pumping characteristics of several variations of a ram-air-cooled plug nozzle. Tests were conducted over a range of nozzle pressure ratios simulating supersonic cruise and takeoff conditions. Primary throat area was also varied to simulate afterburner on and off. Effect of plug size, outer shroud length, primary nozzle geometry, and varying amounts of secondary flow were investigated. At a supersonic cruise pressure ratio of 27, nozzle efficiencies were 99.7 percent for the best configurations.