Topic
Aging brain
About: Aging brain is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 66405 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the potential of magnesium chloride to reduce ischemic neuronal injury in aged rodents subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was evaluated, and it was shown that magnesium chloride is neuroprotective in young animals.
Abstract: Although vulnerability to ischemic neuronal injury is enhanced with age, the aging brain may be less amenable to neuroprotection as a result of quantitative and qualitative changes in the NMDA receptor. In addition, the elderly may be less tolerant of adverse effects of neuroprotective drugs and this might ultimately limit therapeutic potential in human stroke. However, antagonism of the excitotoxic effects of glutamate by parenteral administration of the non competitive NMDA antagonist magnesium has been well tolerated and has shown to be neuroprotective in young animal models of stroke and head injury. We therefore evaluated the potential of magnesium chloride to reduce ischemic neuronal injury in aged rodents subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.
12 citations
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TL;DR: The role of mitophagy in neuronal/glial homeostasis and in the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other disorders, is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive function, which can partly be explained by the accumulation of damage to the brain cells over time. Neurons and glia undergo morphological and ultrastructure changes during aging. Over the past several years, it has become evident that at the cellular level, various hallmarks of an aging brain are closely related to mitophagy. The importance of mitochondria quality and quantity control through mitophagy is highlighted by the contribution that defects in mitochondria–autophagy crosstalk make to aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we analyze some of the more recent findings regarding the study of brain aging and neurodegeneration in the context of mitophagy. We discuss the data on the dynamics of selective autophagy in neurons and glial cells during aging and in the course of neurodegeneration, focusing on three mechanisms of mitophagy: non-receptor-mediated mitophagy, receptor-mediated mitophagy, and transcellular mitophagy. We review the role of mitophagy in neuronal/glial homeostasis and in the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and other disorders. Common mechanisms of aging and neurodegeneration that are related to different mitophagy pathways provide a number of promising targets for potential therapeutic agents.
12 citations
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TL;DR: 'Among the functions controlled by calcium, protein phosphorylation represents a crucial step in neurotransmission.
Abstract: In the mechanisms involved in intracellular transfer of nervous message, calcium and calcium-related processes play a fundamental role. A variety of functions (neurotransmitter release, enzymatic activities, synapse growth and formation, neuronal plasticity and gene transcription) all depend on a transient rise in free intraneuronal calcium concentrations. Among the functions controlled by calcium, protein phosphorylation represents a crucial step in neurotransmission.'
12 citations
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TL;DR: A review of the most robust adaptive mechanisms and how they can be engaged to protect, and restore the aging brain is presented in this paper, where the authors discuss how to promote brain health and prevent functional decline during aging.
12 citations
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TL;DR: A molecular mechanism by which hyper-excitation of the stress axis in turn activates the tumor suppressor p53, which reinforces the loss of stem cell proliferative capacity and interferes with the feedback mechanisms by which the glucocorticoid receptor turns off neuroendocrine pathways and resets the axis.
12 citations