Topic
Aging brain
About: Aging brain is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1255 publications have been published within this topic receiving 66405 citations.
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TL;DR: The frequencies of each of the several types of dementia are enumerated, showing that Alzheimer’s disease is present in about 80% of cases and the strongest structural correlate with cognitive tests is synapse loss, which is probably caused by Aβ oligopeptides in the terminal axons and dendrites.
Abstract: The frequencies of each of the several types of dementia are enumerated, showing that Alzheimer's disease is present in about 80% of cases. Cerebral changes associated with cognitively normal aging include shrinkage of large cortical neurons but not a significant loss of total neuronal number. Nevertheless, the population density of synapses measured by confocal microscopy does decline significantly in normal aging. The classical lesions of Alzheimer's disease are neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and their frequency correlates with declining cognitive measures. Although amyloid is prominent in plaques, it is probably not the agent of destruction. That role seems to be held by Abeta oligomers. The strongest structural correlate with cognitive tests is synapse loss, which is probably caused by Abeta oligopeptides in the terminal axons and dendrites.
105 citations
TL;DR: A review of the considerable amount of evidence in support of glucocorticoids, the adrenal steroid hormones secreted during stress, focuses on three model systems and discusses physical and cognitive consequences of adrenocortical dysfunction in these systems, and how they may relate to human aging.
Abstract: Attention has long been focused on the relationship between stress and aging, both under the guise of stress as an accelerator of normal aging and of aging as a time of impaired ability to cope with stress. This review examines the considerable amount of evidence in support of these views. We address these ideas with respect to glucocorticoids, the adrenal steroid hormones secreted during stress. In particular, we concentrate on three model systems: 1) programmed senescence in marsupial mice and semelparous fish as mediated by glucocorticoid excess; 2) glucocorticoid hypersecretion in rats and its role in damaging the aging brain; and 3) potential human and primate adrenocortical dysfunction during aging. We discuss physical and cognitive consequences of adrenocortical dysfunction in these systems, and how they may relate to human aging.
104 citations
TL;DR: The results reinforce the notion that the aging brain undergoes a reorganization process, and serves as a solid basis for exploring functional connectivity as a preclinical marker of neurodegenerative disease.
104 citations
103 citations
TL;DR: Investigations on one- and two-year-old male Wistar rats found that age-related metabolic variations measured may indicate that with age the biological plasticity of the brain may be reduced to meet emergency conditions.
103 citations