Showing papers on "Air pollutant concentrations published in 1978"
TL;DR: Air pollution control outdoors does not deserve priority as a means of preventing chronic lung diseases, and there is no evidence that higher air pollutant concentrations elsewhere have any marked effects on the lungs.
Abstract: A sensitive lung function test does not show differences due to air pollution between lifetime residents in a rural area and those in a small industrial town in Connecticut. Also, there is no evidence that higher air pollutant concentrations elsewhere have any marked effects on the lungs. Severe pollution is dangerous and must be avoided, but at present, air pollution control outdoors does not deserve priority as a means of preventing chronic lung diseases.
49 citations
TL;DR: A square-root distributed parameter filter for a general class of dynamic urban air pollution models is developed and tested by application to a hypothetical urban area, and the effect of the number of monitoring stations on the estimated concentrations is studied.
21 citations
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Comparative Assessment Model was developed to consider systematically such tradeoffs for conventional and advanced coal-to-electric technologies, and the model was applied to quantify the secondary environmental and resource impacts resulting from alternative air pollution control policies that reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from a 1000 MW power plant.
Abstract: The types and rates of pollutant emissions from a coal-fired power plant depend upon plant design, coal characteristics, and environmental control policy. In the past, air pollution regulations were often promulgated without rigorous analysis of the resulting energy penalties and secondary environmental impacts that occur in other environmental media (air, land, or water), which are counterproductive to overall environmental quality. This paper describes a Comparative Assessment Model that has been developed to consider systematically such tradeoffs for conventional and advanced coal-to-electric technologies. The model is applied to quantify the secondary (“cross-media”) environmental and resource impacts resulting from alternative air pollution control policies that reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from a 1000 MW power plant. Multimedia pollutant burdens are presented, together with the increased requirements for coal, limestone, and water that are incurred in generating a fixed net quantity of electricit...
12 citations
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act of 1974; the National Clean Air Regulation of 1975; industrial air pollution control, e.g., for oil refineries, ammonia plants, and sulfuric acid plants, which stresses containment based on the best practicable technology to prevent emissions at the source.
Abstract: A discussion covers the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act of 1974; the National Clean Air Regulation of 1975; industrial air pollution control, e.g., for oil refineries, ammonia plants, and sulfuric acid plants, which stresses containment based on the best practicable technology to prevent emissions at the source; air quality standards, the air pollution surveillance network; mobile source control including emission standards for new cars, an in-use vehicle inspection maintenance program; conversion of gasoline and diesel-fueled taxis and buses to gaseous fuels, improved traffic management, and increased use of public transportation.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the concentration of a pollutant in an industrial region is primarily a function of source strength and rate of dispersion by the wind, and removal by deposition has little effect on the local concentration.
2 citations
2 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1978
01 May 1978
01 Jan 1978-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A-toxic\/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used emission factors which have been experimentally developed for automobiles in Tehran, Traffic survey, and fuel consumptions data to calculate the dally tonnage of the air pollutants from vehicles and other sources for year 1977.
Abstract: Tehran is facing a serious automotive air pollution problem. This is due to the large number of vehicles operating in Tehran, no auto‐exhaust emission control strategies in effect, and frequent occurrence of traffic congestions. Based on the emission factors which have been experimentally developed for automobiles in Tehran, Traffic survey, and fuel consumptions data the dally tonnage of the air pollutants from vehicles and other sources was calculated for year 1977. The study then focuses on the years 1982 and 1987. For each of these years projections of automotive and stationary emissions of air pollutants were determined under the assumption that no auto‐emission control would be implemented. Those emissions were then adjusted according to the extent of control in use. Results show that automotive emissions of carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon loom large in the future total emissions picture of Tehran. As a matter of fact, carbon monoxide emissions from automobile will reach 8100 tons pe...
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role of the HIWAY and Source Highway models in environmental impact assessment of two highway p r o j e c t s i n i n Massachusetts.
Abstract: Th is work discusses t h e theo ry o f t h e HIWAY and C a l i f o r n i a L i n e Source highway a i r p o l l u t i o n d i s p e r s i o n models and descr ibes t h e EPA emissions model which i s used t o p rov ide emission f a c t o r s f o r these models. A parametr ic s tudy o f t h e d i s p e r s i o n models i s performed t o show t h e e f f e c t o f t h e va r ious i n p u t s t o these models on p red ic ted p o l l u t a n t concent ra t ions . These r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e c e r t a i n cases i n which one model should be used ins tead o f t h e o ther . These models a r e used t o per form a i r qua1 i ty , environmental impact assessments o f two highway p r o j e c t s i n Massachusetts. Mesoscale Analyses a r e a1 so performed f o r these highways. Advances i n model i ng t h e d i spe rs ion o f po l 1 u t a n t s f rom highways and p o s s i b l e rnod i f i ca t i ons t o t h e C a l i f o r n i a L i n e Source and HIWAY models a r e
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of air pollution monitoring surveys to show three things: (1) which pollutants are in the air and whether their concentrations are high enough to cause damage to human health or the environment, (2) how concentrations of pollution have changed with time and how successful pollution control policies have been, and (3) how much ground level pollution is caused by particular sources.
Abstract: Air pollution monitoring surveys are usually designed to show one of three things: (1) which pollutants are in the air and whether their concentrations are high enough to cause damage to human health or the environment, (2) how concentrations of pollution have changed with time and how successful pollution control policies have been, and (3) how much ground level pollution is caused by particular sources.