Showing papers on "Air pollutant concentrations published in 1982"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that air pollutant concentrations are inherently random variables because of their dependence on the fluctuations of a variety of meteorological and emission variables, and various statistical characteristics can be determined and assigned to the pollutant.
Abstract: Air pollutant concentrations are
inherently random variables because
of their dependence on the fluctuations
of a variety of meteorological and
emission variables When sets of air
quality data are available, various
statistical characteristics can be determined
and assigned to the pollutant
concentrations
120 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of extreme statistics in the evaluation of different forms of air quality standards is explained, and the interpretation of rollback calculations with regard to air quality standard is discussed.
Abstract: Methodologies and limitations in describing air quality through statistical distributions of pollutant are discussed, and the use of extreme statistics in the evaluation of different forms of air quality standards are explained. In addition, the interpretation of rollback calculations with regard to air quality standards is discussed. (JMT)
103 citations
Book•
01 Sep 1982
TL;DR: The state of the art of environmental benefit measurement is summarized in this paper, with a clear, non-technical explanation of the principles and methods of benefit measurement, and of the relevant characteristics of areas of application (air and water quality).
Abstract: Air and Water Pollution Control: A Benefit-Cost Assessment,by A. Myrick Freeman, Jr. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1982, 186 pp. Price: $26.00. The book is an overview of the state of the art of environmental benefit measurement, based on a synthesis of the literature through 1981. This overview is combined with a clear, nontechnical explanation of the principles and methods of benefit measurement, and of the relevant characteristics of areas of application (air and water quality). Major empirical studies are summarized and responsibly critiqued. Freeman's synthesis includes several consensual, "best judgment" estimates of the actual benefits which air and water pollution control programs can produce. These estimates are compared with the annual costs of pollution control programs, illustrating the uses and limitations in these cases of benefit-cost analysis. The book is an accessible and authoritative summary of what is known of the benefits of environmental improvement.
97 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that the use of portable convective and radiant kerosene space heaters in residences can result in exposures to air pollutants in excess of ambient air quality standards and in some cases in excessof occupational health standards.
Abstract: Air pollutant emissions from portable convective and radiant kerosene space heaters were measured in an environmental chamber. Emission factors for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen depletion are presented. The data suggest that the use of such heaters in residences can result in exposures to air pollutants in excess of ambient air quality standards and in some cases in excess of occupational health standards.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical indoor air quality model was applied to the laboratory studies to calculate pollutant emission rates per caloric value of fuel consumed, and the model was also used to calculate the temporal profile of the indoor pollution concentrations as well as to determine indoor pollutant decay rates from mechanisms other than air infiltration.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a model for extrapolating environmental chamber results on pollutant emissions from combustion appliances to determine indoor pollutant concentrations in actual residences, and found that a range hood is the most effective means of removing pollutants emitted from a gas-fired range; removal rates varied from 60% to 87%.
25 citations
3 citations
2 citations
2 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how an emissions inventory system should be organized and operated, and present a number of technical papers on emissions inventory systems used in Belgium, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the United States of America.
Abstract: Many activities within an air quality management system require the use and assessment of various types of air pollution data. Data on air pollutant emissions and air quality are the most important of these data types. An emissions inventory system supports pollution assessment activities by collecting, screening, storing, and presenting emissions data in a systematic and useful manner. The purpose of this chapter is to describe how an emissions inventory system should be organized and operated. This chapter includes the central part of NATO/CCMS Doc. No. 104, which also presents a number of technical papers on emissions inventory systems used in Belgium, Canada, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the United States of America.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that 1-hr exposures of 1.25 ppm SO/sub 2/ will spot some plants under the most adverse conditions, startup and upset emissions will have a remote probability of causing leaf damage.
Abstract: Air pollutant emissions generated by direct coal liquefaction result in negligible air quality degradation during normal operation. Upsets and start-ups produce high ambient SO/sub 2/ levels. Because 1-hr exposures of 1.25 ppm SO/sub 2/ will spot some plants under the most adverse conditions, startup and upset emissions will have a remote probability of causing leaf damage. The area of damage, if it should occur, approximates 100 acres, not far from the plant boundary.
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact on ambient lead concentrations of the phaseout of leaded gasoline and improved automobile fuel economy was examined by modeling vehicular emissions for 1972 and 1978, and it was shown that while automobiles in the Baton Rouge area were a significant source of lead in 1972, the phase out of lead gasoline and the increase in fuel economy have resulted in a lower contribution (0.20 µm/m/sup 3 ) by automobiles to the ambient lead concentration in 1978.
Abstract: A study was performed to determine whether vehicular emissions should be included with industrial emissions when demonstrating attainment of the ambient air quality standard for lead. The impact on ambient lead concentrations of the phaseout of leaded gasoline and improved automobile fuel economy was examined by modeling vehicular emissions for 1972 and 1978. Results show that while automobiles in the Baton Rouge area were a significant source of lead in 1972, the phaseout of leaded gasoline and the increase in fuel economy have resulted in a lower contribution (0.20 ..mu..g/m/sup 3/) by automobiles to the ambient lead concentration in 1978. The areas having the greatest potential for exceeding the ambient air quality standard can be identified using CDM (EPA's Climatological Dispersion Model). This information can be used to determine the optimal location for an ambient air monitor to demonstrate compliance with the ambient air quality standard. 9 references, 4 figures, 5 tables. (JMT)