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Showing papers on "Air pollutant concentrations published in 1997"


01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: This is the nineth in a series of annual reports now produced by the National Environmental Technology Centre (NETCEN) - originally produced by Warren Spring Laboratory, as part of the Department of the Environment Tansport and the Regions (DETR) Air Quality Research Programme as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: This is the nineth in a series of annual reports now produced by the National Environmental Technology Centre (NETCEN) - originally produced by Warren Spring Laboratory, as part of the Department of the Environment Tansport and the Regions (DETR) Air Quality Research Programme. This report presents the latest estimates of emissions to the atmosphere for the period 1970-1995. The pollutants considered include: carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, black smoke, PM10, nitrous oxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals including lead, cadmium, zinc, chromium,selenium.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Ecobilan Reference HYDRAM-ARTICLE-1997-011 Record created on 2005-10-11, modified on 2016-08-08.
Abstract: Keywords: Ecobilan Reference HYDRAM-ARTICLE-1997-011 Record created on 2005-10-11, modified on 2016-08-08

23 citations


01 Jan 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results and information from the UK Department of the Environment's urban, rural and hydrocarbon monitoring networks during 1995 and present air quality trends at sites with long measurement histories.
Abstract: This report is the ninth in the annual series which presents results and information from the UK Department of the Environment's urban, rural and hydrocarbon monitoring networks. Ambient concentrations of ozone, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, particulate matter, benzone and 1,3 butadiene at 50 sites during 1995 are presented and analysed. Air quality trends at sites with long measurement histories are presented.

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1997-Allergy
TL;DR: The air quality in the UK has changed little in the past 25 years, but the number of ozone-like particles in the atmosphere has changed significantly in the last decade, according to research published in 2015.
Abstract: Many problems are encountered when assessing trends in air quality, including changes in methods of measuring pollutants over time, different sampling timeframes, and the number and distribution of monitoring sites. Nevertheless, reasonable projections have been established for trends in sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone levels in the UK, which allow some estimate of future levels. The major source of SO2 is coal-fired power stations. Since the Clean Air Act of 1956, SO2 levels have decreased substantially. Nevertheless, a small but progressive increase in SO2 emissions is predicted over the next 15 years, but this is unlikely to exceed current UK air quality standards on a frequent basis. Particulate pollution (as black smoke) has also decreased dramatically since the 1960s, when the main source was fossil fuel burning. In the 1990s, the main source of particle emissions is from heavy goods vehicles. If measures currently under consideration in the UK are implemented, annual emissions may decrease to below 60 kT over the next decade, but a progressive increase is predicted thereafter. No significant changes have occurred with respect to oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and ozone levels over the last 20 years. It is predicted that NOx emissions will decline in the future due in part to the introduction of catalytic converters, while trends in ozone levels will depend on substrate supply (NOx and hydrocarbons) and weather conditions. Despite short-term trends downwards in air pollutant levels, trends may reverse in the next millennium, and continued efforts must be made to develop new ways of reducing ambient air pollutant levels.

16 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fall to winter seasonal changes had a large influence on PEFR and may have overshadowed the effects of the air pollutants during the study period, and seasonal influences should be carefully considered when planning future studies.
Abstract: Background. We conducted this study in Budapest, Hungary, to better characterize the effects of exposure to ambient air pollutants on the lung function of asthmatic children. Methods. The 60 study participants were 9-14 years old, had physician-diagnosed asthma, and were symptomatic during the previous year. Their ambient air pollutant exposures to total suspended particulates (TSP) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) were estimated from measurements made at the air monitor nearest their residence. We used analysis of variance and a fixed-effects model to assess the impact of the pollutants upon their morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) from 13 September to 5 December 1993. Results. Total suspended particulates and SO 2 concentrations exceeded World Health Organization guideline limits on several days. Pollutant concentrations and PEFR increased during the study period. After adjusting for temperature, humidity, weekend/weekday, and the time trend, we found no consistent association between air pollutant concentrations and PEFR. Conclusions. Fall to winter seasonal changes had a large influence on PEFR and may have overshadowed the effects of the air pollutants during the study period. Seasonal influences should be carefully considered when planning future studies.

9 citations



31 Dec 1997
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the evolution of the ozone atmospheric pollution problem in the Mexico City metropolitan zone (MCMZ), as well as analyze the results of several implemented air pollution control strategies.
Abstract: Mexico City Metropolitan Zone (MCMZ) represents an example of a megacity where the air pollution problem has reached an important evolution in a very short time, causing a risk in the health of a population of more than 20 million inhabitants The atmospheric pollution problem in the MCMZ, began several decades ago, but it increased drastically in the middle of the 80`s It is important to recognize that in the 60`s, 70`s and the first half of the 80`s the main pollutants were sulfur dioxide and total suspended particles However since the second half of the 80`s until now, ozone is the most important air pollutant besides of the suspended particles (PM{sub 10}) and other toxic pollutants (1--8) The purpose of this paper is to discuss the evolution of the ozone atmospheric pollution problem in the MCMZ, as well as to analyze the results of several implemented air pollution control strategies

2 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a model that adaptively predicts the hourly concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in the central urban area of Seoul, Korea, by considering the hourly variations of air dispersion condition with limited information.