Topic
Air pollutant concentrations
About: Air pollutant concentrations is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1652 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36138 citations.
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TL;DR: JORs, based on the Cumulative Risk Index (CRI) method, of combined exposure to air pollution, traffic noise and decreased surrounding green were higher than the ORs of single exposure models.
138 citations
TL;DR: A new mathematical model, described herein, gives mathematically sound results for all averaging times, and the two dominant features are derived from observations that indicate that air pollutant concentrations are approximately lognormally distributed for all pollutants in all cities for all averaged times.
Abstract: A previous mathematical model of air pollutant concentration, averaging time, and frequency gave results close to actual measurements for the relatively short averaging times for which it was used. However, recent calculations show that mathematically unsound results are obtained with the model for averaging times longer than one month. A new mathematical model, described herein, gives mathematically sound results for all averaging times. The two dominant features of this new model are derived from observations that indicate: (1) air pollutant concentrations are approximately lognormally distributed for all pollutants in all cities for all averaging times; and (2) median concentration is proportional to averaging time to an exponent. Applications to problems air pollutant effects and air quality standards are shown.
137 citations
18 Jul 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an analysis of an air quality data set and present the main predictions for future air quality conditions. But, they do not provide a detailed analysis of the data set.
Abstract: Air Pollutants: Sources and Control of Gases Units for Expressing Pollutant Concentration The Basic Atmosphere The Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere Anthropogenic Emissions Primary Emission Summary Adsorption and Adsorption of Gases Other Air Pollutants Secondary Gaseous Pollutants Emission Interventions Air Pollutants: Particulates Particle Terminology Particle Size Disturbations Aerosol Mechanics Particle Sources Abatement of Primary Particle Emissions Secondary Particles Trends in Particle Emissions Mobile Sources Motor Vehicle Emissions Train Emissions Shipping Emissions Aircraft Emissions Different Models of Transport Measurement of Gases and Particles Methods of Describing Pollutant Concentration Sampling Requirements Gas Sampling Gas Concentration Measurement Quality Control Particle Sampling Particle Measurement Methods Chemical Composition of Aerosol Measurement of Course Particle Deposition Emission Measurement from Stationary Sources Measurement Uncertainty Concentrations and Deposition Gaseous Pollutants Patterns of Occurrence Particulate Matter Dry Deposition of Gases Wet Deposition Total Deposition and Budgets Analysis of an Air Pollution Episode Meteorology and Modelling Meteorological Factors Dispersion Models Gaussian Dispersion Theory Dispersion Theory in Practice Dispersion of Vehicle Emission and Exposure Modelling Receptor Models Box Models Statistical Models Analysis of an Air Quality Data Set The Raw Data Set Period Averages Roses Diurnal Variations Short-Term Events Frequency Disturbations Further Statistical Analyses Indoor Air Quality Building Ventilation Combustion Indoor Organics Sources Bioaerosols Sick Building Syndrome Odour and Ventilation Clean Rooms Mitigation of Air Pollution: The Role of Vegetation Forest Canopy Intervention Particle Deposition to Vegetation Filter Strips Practical Concerns of Vegetation Intervention Effects on Plants, Visual Range and Materials Effects on Plants Visual Range Damage to Materials Responses of Humans and Other Animals Responses of People Effects on Other Animals Greenhouse Gases and Climate Change Our Radiation Environment The Role of Gases The Role of Aerosol Gases and Aerosol Combined Future Scenarios The Main Predictions Feedbacks Global Responses Ozone Depletion and Ultraviolet Radiation Ozone in the Stratosphere Destructive Chemistry The Current Situation Ozone and Ultraviolet Clothing Protection from UV Standards and Legislation UK Legislation EU Air-Quality Legislation UNECE World Health Organization (WHO) EU Industrial Emission Legislation EU Vehicle Emissions US Legislation Legislation in the Asian Region Air Pollution Indices
137 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the acidity of polluted atmospheres, mainly in the USA, and the evidence for the effects of acid air on health is discussed. But no information has been gathered on the health effects of exposure to nitric or nitrous acids so that it is not yet known how harmful car emissions are.
Abstract: This paper discusses the acidity of polluted atmospheres, mainly in the USA, and considers the evidence for the effects of acid air on health. There have been steady increases in the emission of the primary inorganic pollutant gases, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides; car exhausts account for about half the emmisions of nitrogen oxides. Controls on car emissions, required by the Clean Air Act, have stabilised annual nitrogen oxides emissions at 21 million tons. However, these emissions are expected to rise sharply during the next 50 years, due to the increasing number of vehicle miles travelled in the USA, combined with the projected increase in electric power generation. Ambient concentrations of acids are also expected to rise, and the increased number of cars in use has led to substantial rises in nitric acid concentrations in large cities throughout the USA. Although millions of North Americans are breathing acidic air pollutants, there is only circumstantial evidence that these exposures harm their health. This evidence is derived from in vivo and in vitro laboratory experiments and from controlled human exposure studies. Almost no information has been gathered on the health effects of exposure to nitric or nitrous acids so that it is not yet known how harmful car emissions are. The needs for further research on public health impacts of acidic air are stated. (TRRL)
133 citations
TL;DR: In Texas, an inventory of forest, grassland and agricultural burning activities revealed that fires consumed vegetation on 1.6 and 1.7 million acres of land, in 1996 and 1997, respectively.
132 citations