Air pollutant concentrations

About: Air pollutant concentrations is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1652 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36138 citations.

Air pollutant emissions from kerosene space heaters.

Abstract: Air pollutant emissions from portable convective and radiant kerosene space heaters were measured in an environmental chamber. Emission factors for nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen depletion are presented. The data suggest that the use of such heaters in residences can result in exposures to air pollutants in excess of ambient air quality standards and in some cases in excess of occupational health standards.

Air Pollution Trends in Japan between 1970 and 2012 and Impact of Urban Air Pollution Countermeasures

Abstract: Air pollution trends in Japan between 1970 and 2012 were analyzed, and the impact of air pollution countermeasures was evaluated Concentrations of CO decreased from 1970 to 2012, and in 2012, the Japanese environmental quality standard (EQS) for CO was satisfied Concentrations of SO₂ dropped markedly in the 1970s, owing to use of desulfurization technologies and low-sulfur heavy oil Major reductions in the sulfur content of diesel fuel in the 1990s resulted in further decreases of SO₂ levels In 2012, the EQS for SO₂ was satisfied at most air quality monitoring stations Concentrations of NO₂ decreased from 1970 to 1985, but increased from 1985 to 1995 After 1995, NO₂ concentrations decreased, especially after 2006 In 2012, the EQS for NO₂ was satisfied at most air quality monitoring stations, except those alongside roads The annual mean for the daily maximum concentrations of photochemical oxidants (OX) increased from 1980 to 2010, but after 2006, the 98th percentile values of the OX concentrations decreased In 2012, the EQS for OX was not satisfied at most air quality monitoring stations Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) concentrations generally decreased from 1976 to 2012 In 2011, NMHC concentrations near roads and in the general environment were nearly the same The concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) generally decreased In 2011, the EQS for SPM was satisfied at 692% of ambient air monitoring stations, and 729% of roadside air-monitoring stations Impacts from mineral dust from continental Asia were especially pronounced in the western part of Japan in spring, and year-round variation was large The concentration of PM 25 generally decreased, but the EQS for PM 25 is still not satisfied The air pollution trends were closely synchronized with promulgation of regulations designed to limit pollutant emissions Trans-boundary OX and PM 25 has become a big issue which contains global warming chemical species such as ozone and black carbon (so called SLCP: Short Lived Climate Pollutants) Cobeneficial reduction approach for these pollutants will be important to improve both in regional and global atmospheric environmental conditions

Effect of O3, PM10 and PM2.5 on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in cities of France, Iran and Italy

Abstract: At present, both tropospheric ozone (O3) and particulate matters (PM) are among the most threatening air pollutants for human health in cities. The air pollution effects over public health include increased risk of hospital admissions and mortality for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases even when air pollutant concentrations are below European and international standards. The aim of this study was to (i) estimate the burden of mortality and morbidity for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributed to PM2.5, PM10 and O3 in nine selected cities in France, Iran and Italy in 2015 and 2016 and to (ii) compare estimated burdens at current O3 and PM levels with pre-industrial levels. The selected Mediterranean cities are among the most affected by the air pollution in Europe, in particular by rising O3 while the selected Iranian cities rank as the most polluted by PM in the world. The software AirQ+ was used to estimate the short-term health effects, in terms of mortality and morbidity by using in situ air quality data, city-specific relative risk values and baseline incidence. Compared to pre-industrial levels, long-term exposures to ambient PM2.5, PM10 and O3 have substantially contributed to mortality and hospital admissions in selected cities: about 8200 deaths for non-accidental causes, 2400 deaths for cardiovascular diseases, 540 deaths for respiratory diseases, 220 deaths for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases as well as 18,800 hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and 3400 for respiratory diseases were reported in 2015. The study supports the need of city-specific epidemiological data and urgent strategies to mitigate the health burden of air pollution.

Impact of nitrogen and climate change interactions on ambient air pollution and human health.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are important components of ambient and indoor air pollution and are emitted from a range of combustion sources, including on-road mobile sources, electric power generators, and non-road mobile sources. While anthropogenic sources dominate, NOx is also formed by lightning strikes and wildland fires and is also emitted by soil. Reduced nitrogen (e.g., ammonia, NH3) is also emitted by various sources, including fertilizer application and animal waste decomposition. Nitrogen oxides, ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution related to atmospheric emissions of nitrogen (N) and other pollutants can cause premature death and a variety of serious health effects. Climate change is expected to impact how N-related pollutants affect human health. For example, changes in temperature and precipitation patterns are projected to both lengthen the O3 season and intensify high O3 episodes in some areas. Other climate-related changes may increase the atmospheric release of N compounds through impacts on wildfire regimes, soil emissions, and biogenic emissions from terrestrial ecosystems. This paper examines the potential human health implications of climate change and N cycle interactions related to ambient air pollution.