Air pollutant concentrations

About: Air pollutant concentrations is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1652 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36138 citations.

Changes in daily air pollution and mortality in Perth : a case crossover study

Abstract: The monitoring of the common air pollutants in Perth has shown that concentrations exceed national standards for particles and photochemical oxidants (measured as ozone [O3]) on occasions in winter and summer respectively. By contrast, concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) are all below national standards. In this study, a time stratified case crossover design was used to investigate the relationship between changes in daily air pollutant concentrations and mortality in Perth. The data were analysed using conditional logistic regression to produce odds ratios. Mortality data were categorised into cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and 'other mortality' and were obtained for the period 1992 through 1998. Network air quality data and meteorological data were obtained for the same period. The results showed significant relationships between cardiovascular mortality and NO2 and O3 concentrations. Increased odds ratios were also observed for O3 concentrations and respiratory mortality, however, only for the 8-hour O3 concentration was the increase statistically significant. A significant odds ratio was also observed for changes in CO concentrations and 'other mortality'. The data support the findings of other Australian and international studies and will assist in the evaluation of strategies designed to reduce air pollution in Perth.

Concentrations of air pollutants in the U.K.

Abstract: 4.1 In 1992 the Department of the Environment (DoE) established the Quality of Urban Air Review Group (QUARG) under the Chairmanship of Professor Roy Harrison. The Group published a report in January 1993, entitled 'Urban Air Quality in the United Kingdom' (available from Air Quality Division, Department of the Environment, Romney House, 34 Marsham Street, London SWIP 3PY, UK) which provides a detailed account of current monitoring and levels of a wide range of air pollutants. The following account draws heavily upon the QUARG report on a pollutant by pollutant basis. Only the major air pollutants: nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulphtir dioxide and particulate material are included. Data on levels of air pollutants and information on monitoring sites are reproduced by courtesy of the Warren Spring Laboratory.

Estimation And Discrimination Of Alternative Air Pollution Models

Abstract: This paper provides essential background to and illustration of the procedures available within the PROFIT computer package. The package aids the practitioner in selecting an appropriate probability distribution from a set of alternatives to respresent the frequency of air pollutant concentrations; it also estimates the parameters of the distribution, predicts any desired percentile values, and calculates the minimum errors associated with that prediction. As an illustration, two- and three-parameter gamma, Weibull and lognormal distributions are applied to annual sets of air pollutant concentrations recorded at several monitoring sites in Melbourne, Australia. Six types of pollutants, namely carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and β-scattering, from up to five monitoring stations are analysed using a comprehensive model selection procedure. This procedure incorporates recently developed estimation and discrimination methods, together with analysis of the effects of misspecifying the distribution and of errors in estimation of observed upper percentile values. The emphasis is placed on how to select an appropriate distribution for a given pollutant over different years and, whenever possible, over different sites. An important issue addressed here is the need for compromise between using discrimination criteria and analysing relative root mean square values in fitting percentiles. The results are useful for general purposes, such as summarizing or smoothing data, particularly the upper percentiles, as well as providing statistical information to construct hybrid models when the data contain trends.

Air pollutant control—the SRC‐I plant. Air pollutant emissions generated by direct coal liquefaction result in negligible air quality degradation during normal operation. Upsets and start‐ups produce high ambient SO2 levels

Abstract: Air pollutant emissions generated by direct coal liquefaction result in negligible air quality degradation during normal operation. Upsets and start-ups produce high ambient SO/sub 2/ levels. Because 1-hr exposures of 1.25 ppm SO/sub 2/ will spot some plants under the most adverse conditions, startup and upset emissions will have a remote probability of causing leaf damage. The area of damage, if it should occur, approximates 100 acres, not far from the plant boundary.