Topic
Air pollutant concentrations
About: Air pollutant concentrations is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1652 publications have been published within this topic receiving 36138 citations.
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TL;DR: Time-resolved measurements of multiple pollutants demonstrated that traffic emissions produced a complex mixture of criteria and air toxic pollutants in this microenvironment, providing a foundation for future assessments of these data to identify the relationship of traffic activity and meteorology on air quality concentrations and population exposures.
Abstract: A growing number of epidemiological studies conducted worldwide suggest an increase in the occurrence of adverse health effects in populations living, working, or going to school near major roadways. A study was designed to assess traffic emissions impacts on air quality and particle toxicity near a heavily traveled highway. In an attempt to describe the complex mixture of pollutants and atmospheric transport mechanisms affecting pollutant dispersion in this near-highway environment, several real-time and time-integrated sampling devices measured air quality concentrations at multiple distances and heights from the road. Pollutants analyzed included U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-regulated gases, particulate matter (coarse, fine, and ultrafine), and air toxics. Pollutant measurements were synchronized with real-time traffic and meteorological monitoring devices to provide continuous and integrated assessments of the variation of near-road air pollutant concentrations and particle toxicity with changing traffic and environmental conditions, as well as distance from the road. Measurement results demonstrated the temporal and spatial impact of traffic emissions on near-road air quality. The distribution of mobile source emitted gas and particulate pollutants under all wind and traffic conditions indicated a higher proportion of elevated concentrations near the road, suggesting elevated exposures for populations spending significant amounts of time in this microenvironment. Diurnal variations in pollutant concentrations also demonstrated the impact of traffic activity and meteorology on near-road air quality. Time-resolved measurements of multiple pollutants demonstrated that traffic emissions produced a complex mixture of criteria and air toxic pollutants in this microenvironment. These results provide a foundation for future assessments of these data to identify the relationship of traffic activity and meteorology on air quality concentrations and population exposures.
156 citations
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present recommendations for concentration response functions for key pollutants to be included in costbenefit analysis supporting the revision of the European Union’s air quality policy and provide a response to a question posed by the European Commission in the framework of the WHO “Health risks of air pollution in Europe -HRAPIE” project.
Abstract: This document presents recommendations for concentration–response functions for key pollutants to be included in cost–benefit analysis supporting the revision of the European Union’s air quality policy. It provides a response to a question posed by the European Commission in the framework of the WHO “Health risks of air pollution in Europe – HRAPIE” project. The essential background to this response was developed through a review of evidence on health aspects of air pollutants summarized by an earlier WHO project, “Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution – REVIHAAP”. This report recommends concentration–response functions and associated background information for several mortality and morbidity effects associated with shortand long-term exposure to particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. This publication arises from the HRAPIE project and was co-funded by the European Union.
153 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a novel approach to study Nasal Responses to Air Pollution, L. Calderon-Garciduenas, T.M. Chadwick, A.J. Mooney, and A.E. Jackson.
Abstract: Introduction, D.V. Bates. Air Pollution and Health History, P. Brimblecombe. Geographical, Atmospheric and Ground Determinants of Air Pollution: Basic Meterology, G.R. McGregor. Atmospheric Chemistry, R.G. Derwent. Measurements of Concentrations of Air Pollutants, R.M. Harrison. Patterns of Air Pollution in Developing Countries, M. Krzyzanowski and D. Schwella. Sources of Air Pollution, C. Holman. Exposure Assessment, H. Ozkaynak. Respiratory Tract Determinants of Air Pollution Effects: Animal Models to Study for Pollutant Effects, U.P. Kodavantri and D.L. Costa. Novel Approaches to Study Nasal Responses to Air Pollution, L. Calderon-Garciduenas, T.L. Noah and H.S. Koren. Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Air Pollutants on the Lower Respiratory Tract, P.K. Jeffrey. Structure-Function Relationships, P.A. Bromberg. Deposition and Clearance of Inhaled Particles, W.M. Foster. Respiratory Reflexes, J. Widdicombe. Antioxidant Defences in the Extracellular Compartment of the Human Lung, F.J. Kelly and R. Richards. Air Pollutants: Modulators of Pulmonary Host Resistance Against Infection, P.T. Thomas and J.T. Zelikoff. Carcinogenic Responses to Air Pollutants, R.O. McClellan and T.E. Jackson. General Methodological Agents of Air Pollutant Health Effects: Biomarkers of Exposure, M.C. Madden and J.E. Gallagher. The Epidemiological Approach to Investigating Outdoor Air Pollution, J.M. Samet and J.J.K. Jaakkola. Health Effects of Air Pollution Episodes, H.R. Anderson. Ozone: Epidemiological Studies of Ozone Exposure Effects, G.D. Thurston and K. Ito. Controlled Exposure to Ozone, Nitrogen Oxides and Acids, M.J. Hazucha. Acute and Chronic Effects of Ozone in Animal Models, R.C. Paige and C.G. Plopper. Oxides of Nitrogen and Sulfur: Epidemiological Effects of Oxides of Nitrogen, Especially NO2, U. Ackermann-Liebrich and R. Rapp. Toxicology of Sulfur Oxides, R.B. Schleisinger. Acid Sulfate Aerosols and Health, F.E. Speizer. Suspended Particulates: Composition of Air Pollution Particles, F.D. Pooley and M. Milne. Metals and Air Pollution Particles, A.J. Ghio and J.M. Samet. Particulate Air Pollution: Injurious and Protective Mechanisms in the Lungs, W. MacNee and K. Donaldson. Epidemiology of Particle Effects, C.A. Pope III and D.W. Dockery. The Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust: Laboratory and Epidemiologic Studies, A.J. Cohen and K. Nikula. Carbon Monoxide, Lead and Air Toxics: Carbon Monoxide, R.L. Maynard and R. Waller. Lead, A. Wadge. Selected Organic Chemicals, L. Rushton and K. Cameron. Estimating Health and Cost Impacts: Air Pollution and Lung Cancer, J.M. Samet and A.J. Cohen. Controlled Exposures of Asthmatics to Air Pollutants, D.B. Peden. Risk Assessment and Air Pollution, J.M. Samet. Estimating the Effects of Air Pollutants on the Population: Human Health Benefits of Sulfate Aerosol Reductions Under Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment, B.D. Ostro, L.G. Chestnut, D.M. Mills, and A.M. Watkins. Costing the Health Effects of Poor Air Quality, D. Maddison and D. Pearce. Air Quality Standards and Information Networks: Technology and Costing of Air Pollution Abatement, W.F. Dimmick and A.H. Wehe. United States and International Approaches to Establishing Air Standards and Guidelines, L.D. Grant, C.R. Shoaf and J.M. Davis. Air Quality Guidelines and Standards, M. Lippman and R.L. Maynard. Informing the Public about Air Pollution, R.L. Maynard and S.M. Coster. Index.
152 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of roadside barriers on the flow patterns and dispersion of pollutants from a high-traffic highway in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA were examined using the Quick Urban & Industrial Complex (QUIC) model.
147 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a dry deposition model was employed to estimate air pollutant uptake by Sacramento's urban forest, and it was shown that the growing season daily uptake for ozone was approximately 2.4 metric tons per day, while particulate matter (< 10μ diameter, PM10) uptake was slightly greater.
Abstract: A dry deposition model was employed to estimate air pollutant uptake by Sacramento's urban forest. Assuming 1990 air pollutant concentrations, model simulations estimated that approximately 1,457 metric tons of air pollutant are absorbed annually, at an implied value of US$28.7 million. The growing season daily uptake for ozone was approximately 2.4 metric tons per day, while particulate matter (< 10 μ diameter, PM10) uptake was slightly greater, at 2.7 metric tons per day. Daily uptake of NCX, and particulate matter represented 1 % to 2% of anthropogenic emissions for the county. Estimated growing-season annual air pollutant uptake rates averaged 10.9 kg/(ha land area per yr) for the entire study area, 13.9 kg/(ha land area per yr) for urban areas and 4.2 kg/(ha land area per yr) for rural areas. Pollutant uptake rates decreased with decreasing tree canopy cover, along an urban-to-rural gradient.
144 citations