Aircrew

About: Aircrew is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1179 publications have been published within this topic receiving 12110 citations. The topic is also known as: flight crew & crew.

Human factors in aviation

Abstract: The fundamental principles of human-factors (HF) analysis for aviation applications are examined in a collection of reviews by leading experts, with an emphasis on recent developments. The aim is to provide information and guidance to the aviation community outside the HF field itself. Topics addressed include the systems approach to HF, system safety considerations, the human senses in flight, information processing, aviation workloads, group interaction and crew performance, flight training and simulation, human error in aviation operations, and aircrew fatigue and circadian rhythms. Also discussed are pilot control; aviation displays; cockpit automation; HF aspects of software interfaces; the design and integration of cockpit-crew systems; and HF issues for airline pilots, general aviation, helicopters, and ATC.

Situational Awareness Rating Technique (Sart): The Development of a Tool for Aircrew Systems Design

Abstract: Human engineering activities in aircrew system design traditionally have been concerned with the reduction and management of operator workload. This chapter investigates how aircrew understand "situational awareness" (SA) and develops tools for its subjective estimation. It intends to derive methods for the subjective estimation of SA in order to assist in the quantification and validation of design objectives for crew-systems integration. Eighty four Test and Operational Royal Air Force aircrew were interviewed in three phases: Scenario Generation, Construct Elicitation, Construct Structure Validation. The interviews were semi–structured, conducted by psychologists according to a fixed protocol for knowledge elicitation, based on the Personal Construct/Repertory Grid Technique. "SA is the knowledge, cognition and anticipation of events, factors and variables affecting the safe, expedient and effective conduct of the mission". The construct/scenario ratings obtained during construct elicitation were subjected to Principal Components analysis with Varimax factor rotation.

Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents: An Analysis Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to extend previous examinations of aviation accidents to include specific aircrew, environmental, supervisory, and organizational factors associated with two ty...

Situation Awareness In Aviation Systems

Abstract: In the aviation domain, maintaining a high level of situation awareness is one of the most critical and challenging features of an aircrew’s job. Situation awareness (SA) can be thought of as an internalized mental model of the current state of the flight environment. This integrated picture forms the central organizing feature from which all decision making and action takes place. A vast portion of the aircrew’s job is involved in developing SA and keeping it up to date in a rapidly changing environment. Consider this excerpt demonstrating the criticality of situation awareness for the pilot and it frequent elusiveness.

Fatigue countermeasures in aviation.

Abstract: Pilot fatigue is a significant problem in modern aviation operations, largely because of the unpredictable work hours, long duty periods, circadian disruptions, and insufficient sleep that are commonplace in both civilian and military flight operations. The full impact of fatigue is often underappreciated, but many of its deleterious effects have long been known. Compared to people who are well-rested, people who are sleep deprived think and move more slowly, make more mistakes, and have memory difficulties. These negative effects may and do lead to aviation errors and accidents. In the 1930s, flight time limitations, suggested layover durations, and aircrew sleep recommendations were developed in an attempt to mitigate aircrew fatigue. Unfortunately, there have been few changes to aircrew scheduling provisions and flight time limitations since the time they were first introduced, despite evidence that updates are needed. Although the scientific understanding of fatigue, sleep, shift work, and circadian physiology has advanced significantly over the past several decades, current regulations and industry practices have in large part failed to adequately incorporate the new knowledge. Thus, the problem of pilot fatigue has steadily increased along with fatigue-related concerns over air safety. Accident statistics, reports from pilots themselves, and operational flight studies all show that fatigue is a growing concern within aviation operations. This position paper reviews the relevant scientific literature, summarizes applicable U.S. civilian and military flight regulations, evaluates various in-flight and pre-/postflight fatigue countermeasures, and describes emerging technologies for detecting and countering fatigue. Following the discussion of each major issue, position statements address ways to deal with fatigue in specific contexts with the goal of using current scientific knowledge to update policy and provide tools and techniques for improving air safety.