Showing papers on "Alcohol fuel published in 1976"

A Single-Cylinder Engine Study of Methanol Fuel-Emphasis on Organic Emissions

Abstract: Exhaust emission and performance characteristics of a single-cylinder engine fueled with methanol are compared to those obtained either with gasoline or a methanol-water blend. Our measurements of engine efficiency and power, and CO and NO/sub x/ emissions agree with trends established in the literature. Consequently, the emphasis is placed on organic emissions (unburned fuel including hydrocarbons, and aldehydes), an area in which there is no consensus in the literature. In all cases with methanol fueling, the unburned fuel (UBF) emissions were virtually all methanol as opposed to hydrocarbon compounds. Without special measures to overcome methanol's large heat of vaporization, UBF emissions were four times greater with methanol than those with gasoline. Similarly, aldehyde emissions were an order of magnitude greater with methanol. These high levels of organic emissions with methanol were related to inadequate fuel-air mixture preparation, which was caused by methanol's large heat of vaporization. Modifying the single-cylinder engine intake system to improve vaporization reduced UBF emissions 80 to 90% with methanol and 30 to 50% with gasoline. Aldehyde emissions were also significantly reduced by improving mixture preparation, but remained three to four times greater for methanol than for gasoline. Blending 10% water with methanol resulted in: (1) reducedmore » engine efficiency and power, (2) increased UBF emissions, (3) no measurable effect on aldehyde and CO emissions, and (4) reduced NO/sub x/ emissions. Our tests indicate that the advantages of blending water with methanol are outweighed by the disadvantages.« less

Fuel delivery system

Abstract: A fuel delivery system for an engine operated with a gasoline/alcohol fuel mixture in which a fuel pump delivers fuel from a fuel tank to a fuel feed device on the engine. According to the invention the fuel pump is immersed within the fuel in the fuel tank and a fuel return line is connected to the pressure side of the pump for returning fuel directly to the fuel tank.

Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine Study of the Octane, Emissions, and Fuel Economy Characteristics of Methanol-Gasoline Blends

Abstract: Test program was carried out on a single cylinder, fuel research engine (CFR) to determine the octane, emissions, and fuel economy characteristics of methanol-gasoline blends. The first phase of the work was an evaluation of the octane characteristics of methanol blended with unleaded gasoline. The second phase of the test program was an evaluation of the emissions and fuel economy of a 10% by volume blend of methanol with two base fuels in the single cylinder engine. Genral conclusions were that a blend of 10% methanol and gasoline demonstrated no significant change in the emissions or energy efficiency over the gasoline fueled engine when operated at equivalent conditions. Under some operating conditions, the addition of methanol could increase the octane rating of the base fuel. /GMRL/

Fuel reforming system for IC engines - hydrocarbon based fuels are reformed by compression or partial oxidisation

Abstract: A conventional internal combustion engine is provided with a fuel reformer unit to transform a hydro carbon based fuel into a reformed gas with a high H2 and CO content. The engine (10) is fed with a mixture of air (60), reformed gas (50) and an additional fuel supply (80) for full load. The air fuel ratio is 1 ; 0.6 so that the fuel is only partly oxidised in the reformer. A final air fuel ratio of approximately 4 ; 1 is fed to the engine. Alternative fuel reformers use the engine exhaust heat in a heat exchanger system in order to accelerate the reforming process. A third alternative uses a number of the engines cylinders as compressors for the reforming process as well as the exhaust gas heat exchange.

Fuel combustion method

Abstract: PURPOSE: To decrease NOx by branching a gas fuel supply system and feeding fuel partially into a furnace as a reducing gas. COPYRIGHT: (C)1978,JPO&Japio

Combustion of methanol and methanol blends in a stratified charge engine

Abstract: Emissions and fuel economy of a large volume prechamber, fuel injected, stratified charge engine with gasoline and a gasoline/20% methanol blend are measured. The engine is a modified CFR cetane test engine operating with MBT spark timing and 8. 4:1 compression ratio. The effect of both prechamber and main chamber mixture ratio on engine operation and emissions is investigated. Lowest overall emissions are achieved simultaneously with low fuel consumption at a prechamber equivalence ratio of 1. 10. The stratified charge engine when operated on the gasoline/methanol blend shows significant improvement over gasoline in NO emissions but also with higher exhaust CO and HC. Fuel economy is not significantly different for the two fuels so long as the prechamber is not overly rich. The interpretation of the HC emissions measurements is aided by a study of quenching distances of methanol and methanol blends. A constant volume, flanged electrode test bomb is used to measure quenching distances of reactive gas mixtures. Experiments are performed with methane, methanol, iso-octane and iso-octane/methanol blends over a range of equivalence ratios for several mixture initial temperatures and pressures. The fuel blends are found to have larger quenching distances than either pure fuel which is consistent with the observation of slightly higher HC emissions in the engine study when using the methanol blend