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Showing papers on "Alcohol fuel published in 2005"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2005-Fuel
TL;DR: In this article, a blend of 20% ethanol/methyl soyate was added to diesel fuel as an oxygenated additive at volume percent levels of 15 and 20% (denoted as BE15 and BE20).

252 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
M Canakci1
01 Jul 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the engine performance and emissions characteristics of two different petroleum diesel fuels (No 1 and No 2 diesel fuels) and biodiesel from soybean oil and its 20 per cent blends with no 2 diesel fuel were compared.
Abstract: Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils, waste frying oils, and animal fats It is an oxygenated, non-toxic, sulphur-free, biodegradable, and renewable fuel Many engine manufacturers have included this fuel in their warranties since it can be used in diesel engines without significant modification However, the fuel properties such as cetane number, heat of combustion, specific gravity, and kinematic viscosity affect the combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics In this study, the engine performance and emissions characteristics of two different petroleum diesel fuels (No 1 and No 2 diesel fuels) and biodiesel from soybean oil and its 20 per cent blends with No 2 diesel fuel were compared The results showed that the engine performance of the neat biodiesel and its blend was similar to that of No 2 diesel fuel with nearly the same brake fuel conversion efficiency, and slightly higher fuel consumption CO2 emissio

151 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study of the electro-oxidation of ethanol and 2-propanol was carried out on carbon-supported platinum particles, where cyclic voltammetry, steady state polarisation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the oxidation reactions.
Abstract: A comparative study of the electro-oxidation of ethanol and 2-propanol was carried out on carbon-supported platinum particles. Cyclic voltammetry, steady state polarisation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the oxidation reactions. A difference in the mechanistic behaviour of the oxidation of ethanol and 2-propanol on Pt was observed, thereby highlighting the fact that the molecular structure of the alcohol has great influence on its electroreactivity. The study emphasizes the fact that 2-propanol is a promising fuel candidate for a direct alcohol fuel cell.

53 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effect of various hydrocarbons on fuel processor light-off and reforming characteristics for catalytic autothermal reforming compared with longer-chained and aromatic components.

44 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of various fuels on hydrogen production for automotive PEM fuel cell systems were compared for their effects on fuel processor size, start-up energy and overall efficiencies for 50kWe fuel processors.

42 citations


Patent
18 Feb 2005
TL;DR: Mixed alcohol formulations can be used as a fuel additive in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke or as a neat fuel in and of itself.
Abstract: Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohols formulations can contain Cl-C5 alcohols, or in the alternative, C1-C8 alcohols or higher C1-Clo alcohols in order to boost energy content. The C1-C5 mixed alcohols contain more ethanol than methanol with declining amounts of propanol, butanol and pentanol. C1-C8 mixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of hexanol, heptanol and octanol. C1-C10 mixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of nananol and decanol. Synthetically produced mixed alcohol formulas feature higher octane and energy densities than either MTBE or fermented grain ethanol; more stable Reid Vapor Pressure blending characteristics; and increased soluablizing effects on condensate water. The primary benefits of mixed alcohols are increased combustion efficiencies, reduced emissions profiles and low production costs.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model of a simple reforming system, based on a partial oxidation process, has been developed, and the model has been tested using the experimental data of a plasma-assisted reformer.

30 citations


Patent
28 Oct 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the capacity of substituting traditional fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, in conventional internal combustion engines has been discussed, with the main feature being the capacity to totally or partially substitute traditional fuels.
Abstract: The present invention relates to an “alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” having as a main feature the capacity of totally or partially substituting traditional fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, in conventional internal combustion engines. In addition, the “alcohol based fuel and/or biofuel composition” can be used for the total or partial substitution of burning oils.

18 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was reported that some vehicle models using the highly concentrated alcohol fuels encountered fuel leakage and vehicle fires due to corrosion of the aluminum used for the fuel-system parts.
Abstract: In 1999, some Japanese fuel suppliers sold highly concentrated alcohol fuels, which are . mixtures of gasoline and oxygenates, such as alcohol or ether, in amounts of 50% or more. In August 2001, it was reported that some vehicle models using the highly concentrated alcohol fuels encountered fuel leakage and vehicle fires due to corrosion of the aluminum used for the fuel-system parts. The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Government of Japan (MLIT) jointly established the committee on safety for highly concentrated alcohol fuels in September 2001. The committee consisted of automotive technology and metal corrosion experts knowledgeable about preventing such accidents and ensuring user safety. Immersion tests were conducted on metals and other materials used for the fuel-supply system parts to determine the corrosion resistance to each alcohol component contained in the highly concentrated alcohol fuels. It was confirmed that each alcohol component contained in the highly concentrated alcohol fuels currently on the market causes corrosion of the aluminum generally used for automotive fuel-system parts.

15 citations


Patent
19 May 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to prevent vaporization of fuel during the engine stop period and surely preventing poor start caused by the same in an FFV engine capable of using alcohol fuel.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent vaporization of fuel during the engine stop period and surely preventing poor start caused by the same in an FFV engine capable of using alcohol fuel. SOLUTION: It is estimated according to predetermined conditions (step S102-104) whether fuel in a fuel supply passage is vaporized during the engine stop period at a time of engine stop, pressure of fuel in the fuel supply passage is raised (step S105) when vaporization of fuel is estimated. Possibility of vaporization of fuel during the stop period is estimated at a time of engine stop, not at a time of start, pressure of fuel in the fuel supply passage is raised if vaporization is estimated. Consequently, vaporization of fuel during the engine stop period is surely prevented and poor start at a time of next start can be surely prevented. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Patent
23 Feb 2005
TL;DR: A kind of alcohol clean fuel containing following components mixed evenly: methanol, alcohol-petrol combination, isopropanol, fuel accelator, clean dispersant, anti-corrosion agent, metallo catalyst, deicing agent, stability agent, anfioxidant agent, and explosion-resistent agent as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The invention is a kind of alcohol clean fuel containing following components mixed evenly: methanol, alcohol-petrol combination, isopropanol, fuel accelator, clean dispersant, anti-corrosion agent, metallo catalyst, deicing agent, stability agent, anfioxidant agent, and explosion-resistent agent. The fuel can be use in the realm of vehicle and can be mixed with lead-free petrol by any proportion. In addition, this fuel applies to any gasoline-motivated vehicle without changing the engine. Moreover, the fuel is environmental and can effectively reduce the emission of harmful substance in end gas, such as CO, CH and NOx. And the fuel cannot erode aluminium, cast iron, copper, and so forth and the swelling phenomena can be reduced by using this fuel instead of lead-free petrol. Additionally, an easy production and a low cost make this invention a vast-foreground environmental clean fuel.

Patent
31 Mar 2005
TL;DR: An anode is formed by a metal electrocatalyst including an element mixture made up of platinum and at least one of ruthenium and molybdenum as an active constituent as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An anode is formed by a metal electrocatalyst including an element mixture made up of platinum and at least one of ruthenium and molybdenum as an active constituent which electrocatalyst is fabricated under vacuum using a vapor phase method, and in this way, the speed of electrode oxidation reaction of alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol may be substantially increased. Also, by using such an electrocatalyst as the anode, a direct alcohol fuel cell with a high output may be realized using alcohol that is not reformed as fuel.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The effect of biodiesel and low sulfur fuels on the fuel consumption and emission characteristics of a diesel engine was investigated and the electrical mobility diameter of the majority of PM emitted from biodiesel was found to be in the range of 10 to 100 nanometers.
Abstract: The effect of biodiesel (rapeseed oil methyl ester, RME) and low sulfur fuels on the fuel consumption and emission characteristics of a diesel engine was investigated. The engine tests were carried out based on the 13-mode ECE­ 49 procedure. Particulate Matter (PM) distribution was analyzed with the state-of-the-art technique of Scanning Mobility Particle Sizing (SMPS). Compared to the base line diesel fuel, biodiesel emitted 20 to 80 % less specific CO, HC, PM, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The electrical mobility diameter of the majority of PM emitted from biodiesel was found to be in the range of 10 to 100 nanometers. The low sulfur fuel emitted 50 % less speci­ fic PM compared to the conventional diesel fuel. The aldehydes emission of biodiesel is much lower compared to fossil fuels. The major deficit of the biodiesel fuel was its higher specific fuel consumption rate that was in the range of 12 % (by weight) higher than the other fuels. A relatively higher NOx emission at high loads was encoun­ tered for biodiesel fuel.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of methanol addition to low octane number gasoline, in terms of calorific value, octane numbers, compression ratio at knocking and engine performance, was investigated.
Abstract: This study investigates the effect of methanol addition to low octane number gasoline, in terms of calorific value, octane number, compression ratio at knocking and engine performance. Locally produced gasoline (octane number = 87) was blended with five different percentages of methanol, namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% on volume basis. The properties of the respective fuel blends were first determined. Then they were tested in an engine. It was found that the octane number of gasoline increases continuously and linearly with methanol percentages in gasoline. Hence, methanol is an effective compound for increasing the value of the octane number of gasoline. Also, it was found that the engine performance improves as the percentage of methanol increases in the blend within the range studied.

Patent
Paul Schaberg1
22 Apr 2005
TL;DR: In this article, the use of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) diesel fuel as a blend component together with at least a crude oil derived diesel fuel, for producing a diesel fuel composition which, when combusted in an engine, has reduced NOx and soot emissions.
Abstract: The invention provides the use of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) diesel fuel as a blend component together with at least a crude oil derived diesel fuel, for producing a diesel fuel composition which, when combusted in an engine, has reduced NOx and soot emissions. The invention further provides a diesel fuel composition and a method of reducing NOx and soot emissions from a CI engine.

01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: Durbin et al. as discussed by the authors measured the effects of ethanol and fuel volatility changes to E200/T 50 and E300/T 90 for the most advanced vehicle technologies and provided information that can be used to better predict the effect of gasoline volatility parameters and ethanol content on exhaust emissions.
Abstract: ISAF XV International Symposia on Alcohol Fuels San Diego, California September 26-28, 2005 THE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL AND VOLATILITY PARAMETERS ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES Thomas D Durbin, a J Wayne Miller, a Theodore Younglove, b Tao Huai, c and Kathalena Cocker a a: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) b: Statistical Collaboratory University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 c: California Air Resources Board, Research Division, Sacramento, CA 95812 As emissions standards have become more stringent, it is imperative that the vehicle and fuel are viewed as a system in meeting performance and emissions objectives The commercialization of vehicles meeting CARB LEV I and LEV II emission standards raises new questions when gasoline formulations are changed to include ethanol While past studies of the effects of changes to gasoline composition provide some insight into these issues, including many with ethanol, there are some contradictory results As such, it is important to measure the effects of ethanol and fuel volatility changes to E200/T 50 and E300/T 90 for the most advanced vehicle technologies The objective of this study was to provide information that can be used to better predict the effects of gasoline volatility parameters and ethanol content on exhaust emissions from vehicles that can meet current and upcoming emissions standards For this project, a total of 12 fuels with varying ethanol content (0 to 10%), mid-fill and back-end volatility, as measured by E200/T 50 and E300/T 90 , were tested The test fleet was comprised of 12 in-use vehicles ranging from Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) to Super-Ultra-Low- Emission Vehicle (SULEV) certification The vehicles were equipped with catalysts/sensors aged to an equivalent of 100,000 miles Vehicles were tested over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) in at least duplicate on each of the test fuels Testing included regulated emissions and modal engine-out and tailpipe emissions For a subset of 4 fuels, non-methane organic gas speciation (NMOG) measurements were obtained for the purpose of measuring toxic emissions

Patent
27 Jul 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a thermal coupling is used to connect dewatering and condense distilling procedures, i.e., gas alcohol from refining process is fed to molecular adsorption de-watering process after thermal coupling condensation and distillation.
Abstract: Alcohol fuel can be produced by: treating raw materials, fermenting, refining, molecular sieve adsorption dewatering, and waste liquid treating. A thermal coupling is used to connect dewatering and condense distilling procedures, i.e., gas alcohol from refining process is fed to molecular adsorption dewatering process after thermal coupling condensation and distillation. Heat energy released from cold condensation is used as heat energy for distillation. None of energy is needed any more. The raw materials may be corn, rice, wheat, Chenese sorghum, dry sweet potato, cassawa, sugarcane juice, sugarbeet juice, or green cyrup, etc.


Patent
30 Mar 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a direct alcohol fuel cell using solid acid electrolytes and internal reforming catalysts is described, where the internal reforming catalyst may comprise any suitable reformer and is positioned adjacent the anode.
Abstract: Direct alcohol fuel cells using solid acid electrolytes and internal reforming catalysts are disclosed. The fuel cell generally comprises an anode, a cathode, a solid acid electrolyte and an internal reforming catalyst. The internal reforming catalyst may comprise any suitable reformer and is positioned adjacent the anode. In this configuration the heat generated by the exothermic fuel cell catalyst reactions and ohmic heating of the fuel cell electrolyte drives the endothermic fuel reforming reaction, reforming the alcohol fuel into hydrogen. Any alcohol fuel may be used, e.g. methanol or ethanol. The fuel cells according to this invention show increased power density and cell voltage relative to direct alcohol fuel cells not using an internal reformer.

Patent
19 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a production process for lignin alcohol fuel, in particular a process for preparing Lignin mellow wine liquid clean fuel by using boiling residual liquid obtained in ethanol method pulping, is described.
Abstract: The invention relates to a production process for lignin alcohol fuel, in particular a process for preparing lignin mellow wine liquid clean fuel by using boiling residual liquid obtained in ethanol method pulping.iu

Patent
04 Nov 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a method and a device for collecting alcoholic components in an automobile exhaust gas, capable of thoroughly collecting alcohol components in exhaust gas of a vehicle using alcohol fuel as an alternative to gasoline, and various alcohol included in exhaust gases from a bio-diesel fuel vehicle using bio diesel fuel as alternative to light oil; and improving accuracy in analysis.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a device for collecting alcoholic components in an automobile exhaust gas, capable of thoroughly collecting alcoholic components in exhaust gas of a vehicle using alcohol fuel as an alternative to gasoline, and various alcohol included in exhaust gas from a bio-diesel fuel vehicle using bio diesel fuel as an alternative to light oil; and improving accuracy in analysis. SOLUTION: The exhaust gas from an engine E is led into a reduction reaction tank 3, and made to pass through a reducing agent (for example, oxalic acid) solution Sr in the tank. Thereby, mist-like alcohol is collected, and middle alcohol oxide is reduced to original alcohol to be collected in the solution Sr. Preferably, the exhaust gas after passing through the reducing agent solution is made to further pass through a solution of a derivative chemical reaction reagent (for example, 3, 5 -dinitro benzyl chloride), thereby collecting gas-like alcohol which could not be collected in the reduction reaction tank 3. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Patent
19 Sep 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a fuel, a composition and a method are provided for fueling an engine with the fuel, the composition and the method have an additive mixed with a base and combusted in the engine.
Abstract: A fuel, a composition and a method are provided for fueling an engine with the fuel. The fuel, the composition and the method have an additive mixed with a base and combusted in the engine. The additive may be, for example, an oil, an extract, and/or a fuel composition. The base may be, for example, a petroleum-based fuel, a vegetable oil-based fuel, a biomass-based fuel, a biodiesel-based fuel and/or an animal fat-based fuel. Additionally, the fuel, the composition, and the method release an agent during combustion of the fuel. The agent may be, for example, a molecule, a gas, a particle and/or a liquid. Moreover, the agent produces an effect, such as, for example, a chemical effect, an aromatic effect, an anti-bacterial effect, an anti-viral effect, an anti-fungal effect, and/or an antimicrobial effect. The additive lowers viscosity of the fuel and/or the composition to prevent gelling of the fuel and/or the composition. The additive increases an amount of heat generated by combustion of the fuel and/or the composition to prevent gelling of the fuel and/or the composition.



Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a well-mixed and stabilized diesel/methanol blend was realized by adding additives and supersonic treatment to a diesel engine under different fuel supply advance angles.
Abstract: A well-mixed and stabilized diesel/methanol blend was realized by adding additives and supersonic treatment The combustion and emission of the diesel/methanol blend was anaysed for a diesel engine under different fuel supply advance angles The results showed that the brake specific fuel consumption decreased with the increase of fuel supply advance angle, and the ignition delay of blend reduced with the decrease of fuel supply advance angle The combustion duration got the shortest value at the fuel supply advance angle of 21°CA With the decrease of fuel supply advance angle, exhaust CO and smoke emissions increased, while exhaust HC and NO_x decreased

Patent
09 Feb 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, a low-temperature direct alcohol proton exchange film fuel cell was proposed to realize the high efficiency conversion from chemical energy to electric energy, which adopts cheap tin for modulating noble metal catalyst platinum and the direct alcohol fuel cell has obviously improved performance even if in case of reduced platinum anode carrying amount.
Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel cell technology, and is especially one kind anode catalyst for proton exchange film type fuel cell to convert chemical energy into electric energy. When the catalyst is used in low temperature direct alcohol proton exchange film fuel cell, the low temperature fuel cell oxidizes alcohol directly into CO2 while releasing electrons to realize the high efficiency conversion from chemical energy to electric energy. The present invention adopts cheap tin for modulating noble metal catalyst platinum, and the direct alcohol fuel cell has obviously improved performance even if in case of reduced platinum anode carrying amount.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the main physical and chemical characteristics of ethanol-diesel blend fuel, and the effects on the characteristics of diesel engine were also investigated experimentally, and it was shown that the low heat value, cetane number, viscosity of the blends decrease with the increasing content of ethanol in the blends.
Abstract: The investigation was made on the main physical and chemical characteristics of ethanol-diesel blend fuel, and the effects on the characteristics of diesel engine were also investigated experimentally. The result shows that the low heat value, cetane number, viscosity of the blends decrease with the increasing content of ethanol in the blends. The distillation characteristic of the blends is high at low temperature. Solvent can better the solubility of ethanol-diesel blend fuel. With the increasing content of ethanol in the blends fuel, the torque output decreases slightly. The emissions of CO and soot are improved and the emissions of HC and NO_x are increased. The fuel economy is improved at the high and full load condition and deteriorates at the low load.

Patent
23 Feb 2005
TL;DR: The characteristic of this kind of vehicle-using alcohol clean fuel is that it mix alcohol, light hydrocarbon, tar-oil, solvent oil, tert-butanol, fuel accelator, clean dispersant, anti-corrosion agent, and metallo catalyst by proper proportion as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The characteristic of this kind of vehicle-using alcohol clean fuel is that it mix alcohol, light hydrocarbon, tar-oil, solvent oil, tert-butanol, fuel accelator, clean dispersant, anti-corrosion agent, and metallo catalyst by proper proportion. The fuel can advance the output of alkyl of gasoline and effectively reduce the emission of harmful substance in end gas, such as CO, CH and NOx. Moreover, the fuel cannot erode aluminium, cast iron, copper, and so forth and the source of components of the fuel can be gained abroad. Additionally, an easy production and a low cost make this invention a vast-foreground environmental clean fuel.