Showing papers on "Alcohol fuel published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of fuel additive rate on spray, combustion and emission characteristics are investigated, and a computational modeling is developed by the chemical kinetics mechanism, including 81 species and 358 reactions.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a starfish Ni3S2 and the coated porous MoS2 were synthesized and evaluated as nanocatalysts in the alcohol (methanol and ethanol) electro-oxidation process in alkaline media.
Abstract: The development of active and stable catalysts is essential for the commercialization of direct alcohol fuel cells. In this work, we introduce a MoS2/Ni3S2/rGO catalyst as a cost-effective, stable, and high-performance catalyst for application in alcohol fuel cells. MoS2/Ni3S2 and its hybrid with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are synthesized and evaluated as nanocatalysts in the alcohol (methanol and ethanol) electro-oxidation process in alkaline media. The effects of temperature and scanning rate are investigated. Voltammetry results show that MoS2/Ni3S2/rGO has good catalytic efficiency and excellent stability of 106 and 104% after 200 consecutive CV cycles for MOR and EOR, respectively. The synergic effect of starfish Ni3S2 and the coated porous MoS2 facilitates the absorption of hydroxyl ions and alcohols on the surface of the catalyst, while rGO enlarges the specific surface area and the electrical conductivity of the electrocatalyst.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the direct use of hydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines is presented, where a brief description of the fuel physicochemical properties relevant to engine applications is provided.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the suitability of tri-fuel blend (diesel, ethanol and di-butyl ether) prepared in various proportions was reported, which revealed better fuel economy and significant reduction in NOx and smoke emissions.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the suitability of tri-fuel blend (diesel, ethanol and di-butyl ether) prepared in various proportions was reported, which revealed better fuel economy and significant reduction in NOx and smoke emissions.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the potential of alcohol utilization in the form of blend or under dual-fuel combustion modes, as well as neat alcohol-fueled CI engine is presented.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Alcohol fuels, primarily ethanol and methanol, have emerged as one of the important alternatives for sustainable transportation and power generation applications, due to the overall lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The higher octane number of alcohol makes it suitable for spark ignition (SI) engines while lower blend ratios can be used for compression ignition (CI) engines as well. Since significant work and exploration have already been performed for the application of alcohol in SI engines, the present study is primarily focused on alcohol utilization in CI engines. This review majorly consists of three parts: first, a discussion on the physical and chemical properties of ethanol and methanol from the fuel perspective, second, combustion, and engine performance of CI engines fueled with alcohol and lastly, emissions characterization of alcohol as fuel. A summary of this review is provided which highlights the potential of alcohol utilization in the form of blend or under dual-fuel combustion modes, as well as neat alcohol fueled CI engine. Alcohol-fueled CI engine improves the soot-NOx trade-off characteristic in comparison to conventional diesel combustion, this fuel could be an enabler to meet future emissions regulations. Overall lower CO2 emissions (up to 15% lower compared to diesel) by utilizing alcohol as fuel make it suitable for sustainable transportation.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors investigated the impact of the nature of hydrocarbon fraction blended with ethyl alcohol impurity concentrate on the final characterization of E85 fuel and, in particular, on its phase stability and Reid vapor pressure.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solid oxide fuel cell utilizing bio-fuels such as methanol and ethanol could provide a carbon-neutral electricity generation and facilitate its applications in transport or stationary power unit.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a new gasoline-syngas engine that used gasoline and dissociated methanol gas as the fuel was proposed to improve the thermal efficiency and reduce the emissions of an internal combustion engine.
10 citations
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the ethanol-diesel stabilized fuel was proposed with furan-derivative as co-solvent, furthermore, furan derivative is also a kind of renewable biomass.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors obtained alternative fuels with hydrogen-containing (NaBH4) and oxygen-containing fuel additives and to test these fuels in a gasoline engine, and the obtained SE10 and SM10 mixed fuels were tested in a spark ignition engine and the performance and emission effects of the fuels were compared with the pure gasoline fuel.
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of the primary alcohol (methanol, ethanol, n-butanol) and aluminum (Al2O3) nano-additive on combustion and emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine at 30% (low) and 80% (high) engine loads of a constant engine speed.
TL;DR: In this paper , a revised variation disturbance method was proposed to evaluate the effect of methanol and ethanol on the combustion performance of primary fuels, and the results showed that ethanol has a more significant effect on improving the performance of gasoline than methanols.
Abstract: This paper proposes a revised variation disturbance method to provide valuable information and reference for fuel design or optimization of internal combustion engines to realize the comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the effects of blending agents on the combustion performance of primary fuels. In this method, methanol and ethanol are blended into gasoline to form six kinds of alcohol–gasoline (E10, E20, E30, M10, M20, and M30). Then, the ignition delay, adiabatic flame temperature, component concentration, fuel-burning rate, extinction strain rate, and CO emission of gasoline and alcohol–gasoline are studied by system simulation in a wide range of operating conditions. Based on the new variation disturbance method, the effects of methanol and ethanol on the combustion performance of gasoline are next analyzed globally and characterized quantitatively. The comprehensive results of ethanol and methanol on the gasoline’s combustion are visually presented. The method proposed in this paper is preliminarily validated based on the analysis of the microscopic mechanism of combustion. The results show that the blending of ethanol and methanol has positive effects on gasoline combustion, and ethanol can rapidly ignite the gasoline in a wide range of operating conditions and is superior to methanol in terms of fuel combustion, stability, and pollutant discharge. Based on the treatment of simulated values of six combustion characteristics selected in this paper and the calculations of the variation disturbance method, the total disturbance values of ethanol and methanol to gasoline combustion are obtained as 0.8493 and 0.2605, respectively. That is, ethanol has a more significant effect on improving the combustion performance of gasoline than methanol. In addition, based on the analysis results of the combustion, it is found that the blending of ethanol enlarges the reaction of notable components in gasoline. This finding also proves the effectiveness and validity of the scientific method utilized in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article , a study of hydrotreated Vegetable Oil and Butanol Fuel blends, which are mixed in three different proportions (HVOB5, HVOB10 and HVob20), and the comparison of their combustion (incylinder pressure, pressure rise and ROHR), performance (fuel consumption, BSFC and BTE) and emission (CO2, NOX, HC and Smoke) characteristics with those of fossil diesel fuel.
Abstract: This article is a study of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil and Butanol Fuel blends, which are mixed in three different proportions (HVOB5, HVOB10 and HVOB20), and the comparison of their combustion (in-cylinder pressure, pressure rise and ROHR), performance (fuel consumption, BSFC and BTE) and emission (CO2, NOX, HC and Smoke) characteristics with those of fossil diesel fuel. In the wake of finding an alternative fuel that requires little to zero modifications to the existing IC engines, it is necessary to account for the necessity of matching the efficiency of conventional fuels as well as greatly reducing its exhaust emissions. As a result of transesterification, HVO is found to have better stability and higher CN compared to other biofuels. It is termed a “renewable diesel” due to its ability to reduce emissions while maintaining efficiency. HVO as a fuel has higher cost efficiency, and for a more stable oxygen content in the fuel, an alcohol substitute is needed. Butanol, which has a considerable advantage over other alcohols due to its higher density, viscosity and CN, is selected. HVOB5 and HVOB10 are found to match diesel fuel in terms of fuel consumption while having a ~1% lesser efficiency. In terms of emissions, all the fuel mixtures including HVO100 are found to have ~4–5% lesser CO2, ~10–15% lesser NOX and a ~25–45% reduction in smoke levels.
TL;DR: In this article , a water-tolerant Na-doped porous carbon encapsulated Ni nanocomposite was fabricated by direct pyrolyzing of Na-containing organic precursors for direct upgrading of aqueous ethanol.
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of both biodiesel and propanol addition on engine performance, combustion parameters and pollutant exhaust emissions have been experimentally tested and it is seen that there is a decrease in NOx emissions.
Abstract: Studies on alternative and renewable fuels are maintaining due to the ever-decreasing of petroleum usage and also the environmental pollution that it has created. Alternative fuels, especially renewable fuels are one of the most emphasized issues because renewable energy sources are environmentally friendly, unconsumable and easily degradable in the environment. In this study, biodiesel was obtained from safflower. The biodiesel of safflower oil was mixed with propanol at different ratios and tested as a diesel engine fuel. The effects of both biodiesel and propanol addition on engine performance, combustion parameters and pollutant exhaust emissions have been experimentally tested. The main important point of the presented study is to detect the effects of higher ratios of pure diesel fuel in diesel engines by utilizing the positive sides of a light alcohol, the propanol. The engine performance, specific fuel consumption and emission values of the biodiesel and propanol blended fuels did not show a significant difference compared to the diesel. In the loaded cases, the combustion parameters for all test fuels were obtained in a similar manner. Peak values of HRR in higher engine loads of blend fuels with high propanol were a bit higher. It is seen that there is a decrease in NOx emissions. Safflower biodiesel and propanol mixtures can be used as alternative fuels by adding to diesel fuel in certain amounts.
TL;DR: In this paper , the properties of butanol, its superiority over the other alcohol fuels like methanol and ethanol, its production method especially the ABE fermentation process and its application and implementation in internal combustion engines as a neat fuel and as a blend.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the performance of different types of nano-sized additive to motor fuels as an alternative fuel in motor vehicles and found that the additive significantly reduced the exhaust gas temperature.
TL;DR: In this article , a thorough review has been conducted of the various strategies for utilization of alcohols in internal combustion engines, their effect on combustion characteristics and emissions formations has been presented and discussed.
Abstract: Engine research community and automobile manufacturers are making considerable effort to look for the alternative solutions of conventional diesel and gasoline for internal combustion engines (ICEs) and power production. Several developing technologies including electric vehicles (EVs), fuel cells, hydrogen powered engines, and other technologies are being employed as an alternative to ICEs. Studies suggest that the use of alcohol fuel provides substantial advantages over traditional fuels with lower modifications in existing engine technology. Use of alcohol fuel in ICE is possible through various ways, each has its own advantages over the other alternatives. In this book chapter a thorough review has been conducted of the various strategies for utilization of alcohols in ICEs, their effect on combustion characteristics and emissions formations has been presented and discussed.
TL;DR: In this article , a novel metal-non-metal alloy electrocatalyst that takes advantage of quaternary PdCuNiP alloy composition and the ultrathin/porous nanosheet (NS) structure is presented.
Abstract: The ability to manipulate metal electrocatalysts with satisfactory performance for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is promising but still unsatisfactory for practical application in direct ethanol fuel cells. Beyond traditional metal-metal alloys, we herein report a novel metal-nonmetal alloy electrocatalyst that takes advantage of quaternary PdCuNiP alloy composition and the ultrathin/porous nanosheet (NS) structure. The optimized PdCuNiP porous NSs feature more undercoordinated active sites and modified electron/function structures, enabling better antipoisoning ability. Under alkaline conditions, this electrocatalyst shows excellent electrochemical EOR performance with a high EOR activity of 4.05 A mgPd-1 and a low activation energy of 21.2 kJ mol-1, comparable to the state-of-the-art electrocatalysts reported in the literature. Meanwhile, PdCuNiP porous NSs are electrocatalytically active for electrochemical oxidation of other fuels (methanol, glycerol, and glucose), highlighting their great potential for various direct alcohol fuel cells. The findings reported here may put forward some insights into designing new functional electrocatalysts for various fuel cell electrocatalysis and beyond.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present experimental tests of a compression ignition engine, in which the conventional fuel, i.e., diesel, was partially replaced with propyl alcohol, a renewable biofuel.
Abstract: The search for alternative fuels that can limit the use of traditional fossil fuels to power internal combustion engines is one of the main tasks faced by both the modern automotive industry and the modern energy industry. This paper presents experimental tests of a compression ignition engine, in which the conventional fuel, i.e., diesel, was partially replaced with propyl alcohol, i.e., a renewable biofuel. Studies on the co-combustion of diesel fuel with propanol were carried out, in which the energy share of alcohol varied from 0 to 65%. The research showed that an increase in the proportion of propanol, up to 30%, resulted in a significant increase in the rate of heat release and the rate of pressure increase in the cylinder of a compression-ignition engine. Increasing the alcohol content to 65% resulted in an increase in the ignition delay time and significantly shortened the duration of combustion. During the combustion of diesel fuel with a 50% propanol share, the engine was characterized by maximum efficiency, higher than diesel fuel combustion by 5.5%. The addition of propanol caused a slight deterioration of the combustion stability determined by the coefficient of variation for IMEP. The study of engine exhaust emissions has shown that the combustion of diesel fuel with a small proportion of propanol, up to 30%, causes an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions, while up to 50% contributes to a decrease in HC emissions. The increased share of alcohol contributed to a significant decrease in the emissions of both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and caused a significant reduction in the concentration of soot in the exhaust of the compression-ignition engine.
TL;DR: In this article , a fixed energy X-ray Absorption Voltammetry (FEXRAV) investigation of a carbon-supported palladium electrocatalyst operating in a complete alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) was conducted.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the potential of bio-butanol as a replacement for conventional fuels such as diesel/gasoline in internal combustion engine and found that butanol has a comparatively higher energy density and lesser vapor pressure compared to other alcohol such as ethanol, which makes it more attractive as fuel or blending agent.
Abstract: Butanol is actively being researched by scientists for its suitability as a renewable fuel for internal combustion engines. Physical and chemical properties of butanol motivate researchers to use it as a fuel in internal combustion engine. Butanol is a four-carbon alcohol and has five isomeric structures. Butanol has a comparatively higher energy density and lesser vapor pressure compared to other alcohol such as ethanol, which makes it more attractive as fuel or blending agent. The objective of this chapter is to examine the potential of bio-butanol as a replacement for conventional fuels such as diesel/gasoline in internal combustion engine. To fulfill this objective, a literature review was performed and some important results were highlighted. In addition to literature review, experiments were performed in a single cylinder diesel engine to investigate the impact of diesel fuel blended in small proportion with butanol. In this regard, DB15 (15% v/v blend of butanol with diesel) was selected as a test fuel and results were compared with baseline diesel. Results pertaining to performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific energy consumption are discussed. The novelty in the current study is that numerous current and upcoming research directions are outlined in chapter. Research in ethanol/methanol fuel has increased since past few decades, but research on butanol is still limited.
TL;DR: In this paper , a state-of-the-art mathematical model that allows for the first time an accurate estimation of fuel consumption in flex-fuel vehicle engines by considering the impact of the most significant fuel properties exclusively is presented.
TL;DR: In this article , a review focused on the comparative analysis of ethanol properties with other alcohol and conventional fuel specifications is presented, and the effect of ethanol on spark ignition engine characteristics is also discussed in detail.
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of gasoline surrogate composition and its property, octane sensitivity (S), on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot emissions were examined under laminar counterflow diffusion flame conditions.
Abstract: Soot formation is an intricate phenomenon, and soot propensity of a fuel is interwoven with the fuel composition, physical and chemical properties, and combustion environment. The present study examines the hypothesis that in addition to the chemical composition of the fuel, the sooting nature of the fuel is closely coupled with its chemical property known as octane sensitivity (S). With this motivation, the present study numerically investigates the effects of gasoline surrogate composition and its property, octane sensitivity (S), on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot emissions. Four-component toluene primary reference fuel (TPRF)–alcohol blends, comprising iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene, and one of the three different alcohols- methanol, ethanol, and n-butanol, are used as gasoline surrogates. A total of 320 TPRF–alcohol mixtures, with S in the range of 1–10, are examined under laminar counterflow diffusion flame conditions. A detailed chemical mechanism coupled with a comprehensive soot model, which includes reactions for soot inception, surface growth, PAH condensation, and oxidation, is adopted. The analysis indicates that the toluene content in the fuel mixture has a prominent effect, while the alcohol content and octane sensitivity of the fuel have a weak correlation with the PAHs and soot. Thus, it is not clear if any of these three variables, namely, toluene content in the fuel, alcohol content in the fuel, and S, are individually sufficient to characterize the PAHs and soot across various blends. For this reason, a new variable (XCHO) based on the elemental composition of the fuel mixture is identified and it is shown that XCHO along with S of the fuel characterize soot emissions satisfactorily. Further, a reaction path analysis indicates that the efficacy of alcohols in reducing soot emissions follows the order: methanol > ethanol > n-butanol.
TL;DR: In this paper , the CO and HC emission characteristics of the gasoline engine using a premium-alcohol mixture of ethanol, methanol were observed. And the results of the observations present the CO/HC emissions of the engine with premium-ethanol fuel, methenol is lower than pure premium (P100).
Abstract: Community economic activities that encourage motorized vehicles are getting higher. This exacerbates dependence on fossil fuels and air pollution. The outside air that is contaminated with exhaust gases from combustion products is very dangerous for human health. Motorized vehicles such as motorcycles are the largest cause of air pollution. Alcohols have high octane number and low viscosity. The use of ethanol and methanol alcohols is very diverse, so they are easy to obtain. Therefore, alcohol ethanol and methanol are suitable as premium fossil fuel mixtures. This study aims to observe the CO and HC emission characteristics of the gasoline engine using a premium-alcohol mixture of ethanol, methanol. The alcohol concentration was varied from 5% to 15% at 5% intervals. The petrol engine is operated at 2000, 3000, and 4000rpm. Commercial Gas Analyzers are used to measure CO and HC emissions coming out of the exhaust. The results of the observations present the CO and HC emissions of the engine with premium-ethanol fuel, methanol is lower than pure premium (P100). CO emissions from PE15 fuel decreased to 66,30%, and PM15 decreased to 90,63%. Meanwhile, PE15 fuel HC emissions decreased by 58,94%, and PM15 decreased by 68,60%.