Alcohol fuel

About: Alcohol fuel is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2030 publications have been published within this topic receiving 42757 citations.

Process for producing transportation fuels from syngas

Abstract: A process for producing transportation fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel, from syngas with a low H 2 /CO ratio. The syngas is first converted to dimethyl ether which is then converted to gasoline by way of a dimethyl ether to gasoline process and to diesel fuel by way of a Fischer-Tropsch process.

Combustion apparatus using pilot fuel selected for reduced emissions

Abstract: A combustion apparatus ( 10 ) incorporating a dry low NOx (DLN) combustor ( 20 ) that uses two different fuels ( 30, 40 ) simultaneously. One fuel ( 30 ) is premixed with air ( 22 ) for a primary combustion zone ( 25 ), and a second fuel ( 40 ) supplies a diffusion pilot flame ( 29 ). Each fuel may be selected for its specialized role, maximizing overall combustion efficiency while lowering emissions. A primary fuel ( 30 ) such as natural gas (NG) may be chosen for its economy and combustion characteristics in a lean premix. A pilot fuel ( 40 ) may be chosen for having a low diffusion flame temperature and a clean burn. An oxygenated pilot fuel such as dimethyl ether (DME) has a lower flame temperature than natural gas, thereby reducing NOx from the pilot flame. The pilot fuel ( 40 ) may be produced from the primary fuel ( 30 ) by a reformer ( 50 ) associated with the combustion apparatus.

Life improvement programme of producer gas–biodiesel operated dual fuel engines

Abstract: Biomass fuels have attracted an increase in interest due to the alarming rise in global greenhouse gases and the rapid rise of petroleum prices. Energy security on a sustainable basis can come only with the responsible use of home-sourced resources and not from imported fossil fuels such as coal or crude petroleum products. Partial combustion of biomass in the downdraft gasifier generates producer gas that can be used as the sole fuel or as a supplementary fuel for internal combustion engines. A dual fuel mode of operation, in which producer gas is used as a supplementary inducted fuel along with injected pilot fuels of Honge or Jatropha biodiesels, can be a promising alternative to diesel only usage. Two different carburettors were designed and fabricated to facilitate gas entry at 45° and 90° to the engine cylinder. The engine was experimentally optimised using Honge or Jatropha biodiesels–producer gas combinations with respect to maximum pilot fuel savings in the dual fuel mode operation, optimum air a...

Influence of Oxygenated Additive on Blended Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Properties

Abstract: Diesel fuel is widely used in almost all scopes of life, especially in the transportation sector which accounts for 36% of total energy consumed in 2008 in Malaysia. The transportation sector represents the higher energy consuming sector after industrial sector. As the main fuel used in diesel engine now is the fossil fuels which depleting continually accompanied by increasing consumption and prices day by day. Blended biodiesel fuel is considered as alternatives to current fossilized fuels at a low blending level less than 30% biodiesel. The fuel physical characteristics are among the most important parameter to determine the quality of each fuel. Though biodiesel can replace diesel satisfactorily, problems related to fuel properties persist at high blending ratio. In this study an oxygenated additive diethyl ether (DEE) was added to palm oil biodiesel (POME)-diesel blend B40 (40% vol. POME + 60% vol. diesel) in the ratios of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% and tested for their properties improvement. These blends were tested for energy content and various fuel properties according to ASTM standards. Qualifying of the effect of additive on palm biodiesel-diesel blended fuel properties can serve the researchers who work on biodiesel fuels to indicate the fuel suitability for diesel engines according to fuel standards. The results showed an improvement in acid value, viscosity and density. The minimum pour point for the blended fuel was-2 °C for B40DE6 compare to 1°C for blended fuel B40, while maximum decrease in energy content for B40DE8 was about 7.36% compare to blended fuel B40.

A Review on Spray Characteristics of Bioethanol and Its Blended Fuels in CI Engines

Abstract: This review will be concentrated on the spray characteristics of bioethanol and its derived fuels such as ethanol-diesel, ethanol-biodiesel in compression ignition (CI) engines. The difficulty in meeting the severe limitations on NOx and PM emissions in CI engines has brought about many methods for the application of ethanol because ethanol diffusion flames in engine produce virtually no soot. The most popular method for the application of ethanol as a fuel in CI engines is the blending of ethanol with diesel. The physical properties of ethanol and its derivatives related to spray characteristics such as viscosity, density and surface tension are discussed. Viscosity and density of e-diesel and e-biodiesel generally are decreased with increase in ethanol content and temperature. More than 22% and 30% of ethanol addition would not satisfied the requirement of viscosity and density in EN 590, respectively. Investigation of neat ethanol sprays in CI engines was conducted by very few researchers. The effect of ambient temperature on liquid phase penetration is a controversial topic due to the opposite result between two studies. More researches are required for the spray characteristics of neat ethanol in CI engines. The ethanol blended fuels in CI engines can be classified into ethanol-diesel blend (e-diesel) and ethanol-biodiesel (e-biodiesel) blend. Even though dodecanol and n-butanol are rarely used, the addition of biodiesel as blend stabilizer is the prevailing method because it has the advantage of increasing the biofuel concentration in diesel fuel. Spray penetration and SMD of e-diesel and e-biodiesel decrease with increase in ethanol concentration, and in ambient pressure. However, spray angle is increased with increase in the ethanol percentage in e-diesel. As the ambient pressure increases, liquid phase penetration was decreased, but spray angle was increased in e-diesel. The increase in ambient temperature showed the slight effect on liquid phase penetration, but spray angle was decreased. A numerical study of micro-explosion concluded that the optimum composition of e-diesel binary mixture for micro-explosion was approximately E50D50, while that of e-biodiesel binary mixture was E30B70 due to the lower volatility of biodiesel. Adding less volatile biodiesel into the ternary mixture of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel can remarkably enhance micro-explosion. Addition of ethanol up to 20% in e-biodiesel showed no effect on spray penetration. However, increase of nozzle orifice diameter results in increase of spray penetration. The more study on liquid phase penetration and SMD in e-diesel and e-biodiesel is required.