Alcohol fuel

About: Alcohol fuel is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2030 publications have been published within this topic receiving 42757 citations.

Effect of lower and higher alcohol fuel synergies in biofuel blends and exhaust treatment system on emissions from CI engine

Abstract: The present study deals with performance, emission and combustion studies in a single cylinder CI engine with lower and higher alcohol fuel synergies with biofuel blends and exhaust treatment system. Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME), widely available biofuel in India, and orange oil (ORG), a low carbon biofuel, were taken for this study, and equal volume blend was prepared for testing. Methanol (M) and n-pentanol (P) was taken as lower and higher alcohol and blended 20% by volume with KOME-ORG blend. Activated carbon-based exhaust treatment indigenous system was designed and tested with KOME-ORG + M20 and KOME-ORG + P20 blend. The tests were carried out at various load conditions at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The study revealed that considering performance, emission and combustion studies, KOME-ORG + M20 + activated carbon are found optimum in reducing NO, smoke and CO2 emission. Compared to KOME, for KOME-ORG + M20 + activated carbon, NO emission is reduced from 10.25 to 7.85 g/kWh, the smoke emission is reduced from 49.4 to 28.9%, and CO2 emission is reduced from 1098.84 to 580.68 g/kWh. However, with exhaust treatment system, an increase in HC and CO emissions and reduced thermal efficiency is observed due to backpressure effects.

Activity of Platinum/Carbon and Palladium/Carbon Catalysts Promoted by Ni2P in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

Abstract: Ethanol is an alternative fuel for direct alcohol fuel cells, in which the electrode materials are commonly based on Pt or Pd. Owing to the excellent promotion effect of Ni2P that was found in methanol oxidation, we extended the catalyst system of Pt or Pd modified by Ni2P in direct ethanol fuel cells. The Ni2P-promoted catalysts were compared to commercial catalysts as well as to reference catalysts promoted with only Ni or only P. Among the studied catalysts, Pt/C and Pd/C modified by Ni2P (30 wt%) showed both the highest activity and stability. Upon integration into the anode of a homemade direct ethanol fuel cell, the Pt-Ni2P/C-30% catalyst showed a maximum power density of 21 mWcm(-2), which is approximately two times higher than that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The Pd-Ni2P/C-30% catalyst exhibited a maximum power density of 90 mWcm(-2). This is approximately 1.5 times higher than that of a commercial Pd/C catalyst. The discharge stability on both two catalysts was also greatly improved over a 12 h discharge operation.

Mixed alcohol fuels for internal combustion engines, furnaces, boilers, kilns and gasifiers

Abstract: Mixed alcohol formulas can be used as a fuel additive in gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, aviation gasoline, heating oil, bunker oil, coal, petroleum coke or as a neat fuel in and of itself. The mixed alcohols formulations can contain Cl-C5 alcohols, or in the alternative, C1-C8 alcohols or higher C1-Clo alcohols in order to boost energy content. The C1-C5 mixed alcohols contain more ethanol than methanol with declining amounts of propanol, butanol and pentanol. C1-C8 mixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of hexanol, heptanol and octanol. C1-C10 mixed alcohols contain the same, with declining amounts of nananol and decanol. Synthetically produced mixed alcohol formulas feature higher octane and energy densities than either MTBE or fermented grain ethanol; more stable Reid Vapor Pressure blending characteristics; and increased soluablizing effects on condensate water. The primary benefits of mixed alcohols are increased combustion efficiencies, reduced emissions profiles and low production costs.

Spectroscopic Measurements of Low-Temperature Heat Release for Homogeneous Combustion Compression Ignition (HCCI) n-Heptane/Alcohol Mixture Combustion

Abstract: The effects of the alcohol fuel fraction on the diesel homogeneous combustion compression ignition (HCCI) combustion are explained by analyzing simultaneously chemiluminescence data and cylinder pr...