Topic
Alcohol fuel
About: Alcohol fuel is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2030 publications have been published within this topic receiving 42757 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of adding organic-based manganese additive into rapeseed methyl ester (R0) in four (4) different loads, and found that there was a decrease in the viscosity, density, and flash point of fuels treated with additives while the calorific value of the treated fuel was increased.
20 citations
Patent•
09 Jan 1978TL;DR: In this paper, a stable gasoline-alcohol fuel mixture is produced by hydration of a gasoline or a fraction thereof high in olefins in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a high alcohol content gasoline mixture.
Abstract: Stable gasoline-alcohol fuel mixtures are produced by hydration of a gasoline or a fraction thereof high in olefins in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a high alcohol content gasoline mixture, which mixture is blended with a gasoline containing up to about 20 volume percent of methanol. The addition of the catalytically hydrated gasoline or olefinic fraction thereof serves to maintain the methanol in complete solution at low temperatures, particularly in the presence of water contaminant.
20 citations
17 Sep 2004
TL;DR: The use of alternative fuels has been promoted for two reasons: potential emissions benefits and reduced dependence on imported petroleum as discussed by the authors, which has led to programs for developing alternative sources of fuels such as coal, oil shale, and natural gas.
Abstract: Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels. Albert M. Hochhauser (Exxon Research and Engineering Co.). Gasoline and other motor fuels comprise the largest single use of energy in the U.S. The cost of this energy continues to be a primary factor in the national economy. The fraction of resources from which these fuels come that is provided by foreign sources is a matter of political concern. Rapid increases in the price of crude oil has led to programs for developing alternative sources of fuels such as coal, oil shale, and natural gas. Alternative fuels are more important for the potential to reduce emissions and improve air quality than for energy self-sufficiency.
All motor fuels in the U.S. are manufactured by private companies. Many participate in other aspects such as refining or marketing. Gasoline demand is determined by the numbers of cars, paved roads, population, and economic growth. Predictions for future demand are somewhat divided. Gasoline must meet exacting specifications and vary according to location, temperature and altitudes at which the product is used. Octane is probably the single most recognized measure of gasoline quality. Petroleum refining begins with distillation of crude oil into many fractions. Most gasoline in the U.S. is obtained by catalytic cracking. Reforming increases octane. Gasoline additives (e.g., dyes, antioxidants, detergents, etc.) are used to improve performance. Stricter emission standards have resulted in changes in vehicle hardware. Diesel fuel, second to gasoline, is used in a wide variety of engines. The ability of diesel fuel to burn properly is described by its cetene number. Diesel manufacturers have found it difficult to meet emission standards Alternative fuels include those made from coal and shale, methanol, compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. Use of alternative fuels has been promoted for two reasons: potential emissions benefits and reduced dependence on imported petroleum.
Keywords:
Gasoline;
Requirements;
Octane;
Volatility;
Cleanliness;
Additives;
Blending;
Distribution;
Fuel economy;
Emissions;
Diesel fuel;
Environmental regulations;
Natural gas;
Liquefied petroleum gas;
Methanol
20 citations
TL;DR: For different types of vegetable oils of Turkish origin (sunflower, com, soybean, and olive oil) were blended with grade No. 2-D diesel fuel at a ratio of 20/80 (v/v).
Abstract: For different types of vegetable oils of Turkish origin (sunflower, com, soybean, and olive oil) were blended with grade No. 2-D diesel fuel at a ratio of 20/80 (v/v). The effect of the compression ratio on exhaust emissions is investigated in an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)-cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine working with the mentioned fuel blends and a baseline diesel fuel. A decrease in soot, CO, CO2, and HC emissions and an increase in NOx emissions have been observed for fuel blends compared to diesel fuel.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of a multifunctional diesel fuel additive package used with RapeSeed Oil (RSO) as a fuel in a DI heavy duty diesel engine was investigated.
Abstract: This work investigates the effect of a multifunctional diesel fuel additive package used with RapeSeed Oil (RSO) as a fuel in a DI heavy duty diesel engine. The effects on fuel injectors’ cleanliness were assessed. The aim was to maintain combustion performance and preventing the deterioration of exhaust emissions associated with injector deposit build up. Two scenarios were investigated: the effect of deposit clean-up by a high dose of the additive package; and the effect of deposit prevention using a moderate dose of the additive package. Engine combustion performance and emissions were compared for each case against use of RSO without any additive. The engine used was a 6 cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled Perkins Phaser Engine, fitted with an oxidation catalyst and meeting the Euro II emissions limits. The tests were conducted under steady state conditions of 23kW and 47kW power output at an engine speed of 1500 rpm. The in-cylinder pressure, gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions were measured. The injectors were inspected using SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy). The results show that the use of the multifunctional fuel additive package reduces the ignition delay (ID), increases the premixed combustion duration (PCD) and improves the combustion stability. The multifunctional fuel additive package also reduced the deposit build up on the fuel injectors and prevented the deterioration of engine-out particulate, CO and hydrocarbon emissions
20 citations