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Aldehyde dehydrogenase

About: Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3365 publications have been published within this topic receiving 107683 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article presents a comprehensive review of what is currently known of both the neurotoxicity and respective metabolism pathways of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3, 4-Dihydroxybutyric aciduria with an emphasis on the role that aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes play in the detoxification of these two aldehydes.
Abstract: Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules formed during the biotransformation of numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds, including biogenic amines. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde is the aldehyde metabolite of dopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde is the aldehyde metabolite of both norepinephrine and epinephrine. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that these compounds are neurotoxic, and it has been recently hypothesized that neurodegenerative disorders may be associated with increased levels of these biogenic aldehydes. Aldehyde dehydrogenases are a group of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehydes, such as those derived from catecholamines, to their corresponding carboxylic acids. To date, 19 aldehyde dehydrogenase genes have been identified in the human genome. Mutations in these genes and subsequent inborn errors in aldehyde metabolism are the molecular basis of several diseases, including Sjogren-Larsson syndrome, type II hyperprolinemia, γ-hydroxybutyric aciduria, and pyridoxine-dependent seizures, most of which are characterized by neurological abnormalities. Several pharmaceutical agents and environmental toxins are also known to disrupt or inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase function. It is, therefore, possible to speculate that reduced detoxification of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde from impaired or deficient aldehyde dehydrogenase function may be a contributing factor in the suggested neurotoxicity of these compounds. This article presents a comprehensive review of what is currently known of both the neurotoxicity and respective metabolism pathways of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde with an emphasis on the role that aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes play in the detoxification of these two aldehydes.

257 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Together with other factors related to chronic alcohol consumption, these metabolism-related factors may increase tumor risk in chronic heavy drinkers.
Abstract: Chronic alcohol consumption increases the risk for cancer of the organs and tissues of the respiratory tract and the upper digestive tract (i.e., upper aerodigestive tract), liver, colon, rectum, and breast. Various factors may contribute to the development (i.e., pathogenesis) of alcohol-associated cancer, including the actions of acetaldehyde, the first and most toxic metabolite of alcohol metabolism. The main enzymes involved in alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which are encoded by multiple genes. Because some of these genes exist in several variants (i.e., are polymorphic), and the enzymes encoded by certain variants may result in elevated acetaldehyde levels, the presence of these variants may predispose to certain cancers. Several mechanisms may contribute to alcohol-related cancer development. Acetaldehyde itself is a cancer-causing substance in experimental animals and reacts with DNA to form cancer-promoting compounds. In addition, highly reactive, oxygen-containing molecules that are generated during certain pathways of alcohol metabolism can damage the DNA, thus also inducing tumor development. Together with other factors related to chronic alcohol consumption, these metabolism-related factors may increase tumor risk in chronic heavy drinkers.

256 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The available tools that can impact ALDH activity and may have the potential to be used therapeutically, specifically targeting the CSC are reviewed and questions that need to be investigated are raised.
Abstract: Multiple aldehyde dehydrogenase genes have been identified in many tissues. Aldehyde dehydrogenase class 1A1 (ALDH1A1) has been identified as highly expressed in embryonal tissue as well as in adult stem cells isolated from bone marrow, brain, breast and possibly other tissues. The recent interest in the idea of cancer stem cells (CSC) has resulted in renewed and vigorous interest in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity as a marker for those stem cells as well. It has been known that ALDH activity, which may reflect other ALDH isozymes in addition to ALDH1A1, is important for multiple biological activities including drug resistance, cell differentiation, and oxidative stress response. Purification of viable cells with high ALDH activity has become relatively easy with the availability of flow cytometry based assay. In this review, we examine the data available in regarding the importance of ALDH activity in normal and malignant stem cell functions, and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. We review the available tools that can impact ALDH activity and may have the potential to be used therapeutically, specifically targeting the CSC. We raise questions that need to be investigated before a reasonable therapeutic strategy can be devised that will effectively inhibit ALDH activity.

254 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The sensitivity of this cell line to 4-methylcyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard in vivo and corresponding sensitivities in vitro indicate that 4-hydroxycycloph phosphamide and/or aldophosphamidate is the form in which cyclophosphamia reaches these tumor cells in mice and that intracellular aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is an important determinant of cycloph phosphate sensitivity in these leukemia cell lines.
Abstract: A cyclophosphamide-resistant L1210 cell line has been shown to have unusually high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. The sensitivity of this cell line to 4-methylcyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard in vivo and corresponding sensitivities in vitro indicate that 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and/or aldophosphamide is the form in which cyclophosphamide reaches these tumor cells in mice and that intracellular aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is an important determinant of cyclophosphamide sensitivity in these leukemia cell lines.

251 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Progenitor enrichment from Lin−cells on the basis of ALDH is a valid method whose simplicity of application makes it advantageous over conventional separations, and in vitro hematopoietic progenitor function was substantially higher in the Lin−ALDHbright population.
Abstract: There are several different technical approaches to the isolation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with long-term repopulating ability, but these have problems in terms of yield, complexity, or cell viability. Simpler strategies for HSC isolation are needed. We have enriched primitive hematopoietic progenitors from murine bone marrow of mice from different genetic backgrounds by lineage depletion followed by selection of cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity using the Aldefluor reagent (BD Biosciences, Oxford, U.K.). Lin- ALDH(bright) cells comprised 26.8 +/- 1.0% of the total Lin- population of C57BL6 mice, and 23.5 +/- 1.0% of the Lin- population of BALB/c mice expressed certain cell-surface markers typical of primitive hematopoietic progenitors. In vitro hematopoietic progenitor function was substantially higher in the Lin- ALDH(bright) population compared with the Lin- ALDH(low) cells. These cells have higher telomerase activity and the lowest percentage of cells in S phase. These data strongly suggest that progenitor enrichment from Lin- cells on the basis of ALDH is a valid method whose simplicity of application makes it advantageous over conventional separations.

251 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023260
2022192
202170
202081
201980
201895