scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

About: Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3365 publications have been published within this topic receiving 107683 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Neither the decreased liver cytosol NAD/NADH ratio nor the preferential oxidation of acetaldehyde over 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetaldehyde (DOPAL) can explain the ethanol-induced alteration in dopamine metabolism.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data indicate that oxidation of HNE to its corresponding acid is a major detoxification pathway of H NE in the CNS and that mitochondria play a role in this process.
Abstract: 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) is a neurotoxic product of lipid peroxidation whose levels are elevated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and CNS trauma. The detoxification of HNE may take the route of glutathione conjugation to the C3 carbon and the oxidation or reduction of the C1 aldehyde. In this work, we examined whether the oxidation of HNE to its corresponding carboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenoate (HNEAcid) was detoxifying event, if it occurred in rat cerebral cortex, and in which subcellular compartments. Our results show that HNEAcid did not form protein adducts and was non-toxic to Neuro 2A cells. HNEAcid formation occurred in rat cerebral cortex slices following exposure to HNE in a time-dependent and dose-dependent fashion. Homogenate studies indicated that HNEAcid formation was NAD+ dependent. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that mitochondria had the highest specific activity for HNEAcid formation with a KM of 21 micro m HNE. These data indicate that oxidation of HNE to its corresponding acid is a major detoxification pathway of HNE in the CNS and that mitochondria play a role in this process.

37 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: A hypothesis is suggested that the cytopenias and possible increased risk of MDS and acute leukemia in heavy alcohol users is due to polymorphisms in genes responsible for metabolism of alcohol derived reactive aldehydes and repair of their DNA adducts in HSCs and other hematopoietic cells.
Abstract: Hematopoiesis involves the orderly production of millions of blood cells per second from a small number of essential bone marrow cells termed hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Ethanol suppresses normal hematopoiesis resulting in leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia and may also predispose to the development of diseases such as myelodysplasia (MDS) and acute leukemia. Currently the exact mechanisms by which ethanol perturbs hematopoiesis are unclear. The aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene family plays a major role in the metabolism of reactive aldehydes derived from ethanol in the liver and other organs. At least one of the ALDH isoforms, ALDH1A1, is expressed at high levels in HSCs in humans, mice, and other organisms. Recent data indicate that ALDH1A1 and possibly other ALDH isoforms may metabolize reactive aldehydes in HSCs and other hematopoietic cells as they do in the liver and elsewhere. In addition, loss of these ALDHs leads to perturbation of a variety of cell processes that may predispose HSCs to disorders in growth and leukemic transformation. From these findings, we suggest a hypothesis that the cytopenias and possible increased risk of MDS and acute leukemia in heavy alcohol users is due to polymorphisms in genes responsible for metabolism of alcohol derived reactive aldehydes and repair of their DNA adducts in HSCs and other hematopoietic cells. In the article, we will summarize the biological properties of hematopoietic cells and diseases related to ethanol consumption, discuss molecular characteristics of ethanol metabolism, and describe a model to explain how ethanol derived reactive aldehydes may promote HSC damage.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Dec 2015-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: The obtained results have led to the identification of novel components involved in cold adaptation mechanisms in this bacterium, suggesting for the first time a role of the ethanol oxidation pathway for bacterial growth at low temperatures.
Abstract: Temperature is one of the most important factors for bacterial growth and development. Cold environments are widely distributed on earth, and psychrotolerant and psychrophilic microorganisms have developed different adaptation strategies to cope with the stress derived from low temperatures. Pseudomonas extremaustralis is an Antarctic bacterium able to grow under low temperatures and to produce high amounts of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). In this work, we analyzed the genome-wide transcriptome by RNA deep-sequencing technology of early exponential cultures of P. extremaustralis growing in LB (Luria Broth) supplemented with sodium octanoate to favor PHA accumulation at 8°C and 30°C. We found that genes involved in primary metabolism, including tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) related genes, as well as cytochromes and amino acid metabolism coding genes, were repressed at low temperature. Among up-regulated genes, those coding for transcriptional regulatory and signal transduction proteins were over-represented at cold conditions. Remarkably, we found that genes involved in ethanol oxidation, exaA, exaB and exaC, encoding a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent ethanol dehydrogenase, the cytochrome c550 and an aldehyde dehydrogenase respectively, were up-regulated. Along with RNA-seq experiments, analysis of mutant strains for pqqB (PQQ biosynthesis protein B) and exaA were carried out. We found that the exaA and pqqB genes are essential for growth under low temperature in LB supplemented with sodium octanoate. Additionally, p-rosaniline assay measurements showed the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase activity at both 8°C and 30°C, while the activity was abolished in a pqqB mutant strain. These results together with the detection of ethanol by gas chromatography in P. extremaustralis cultures grown at 8°C support the conclusion that this pathway is important under cold conditions. The obtained results have led to the identification of novel components involved in cold adaptation mechanisms in this bacterium, suggesting for the first time a role of the ethanol oxidation pathway for bacterial growth at low temperatures.

37 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the co-culture system provides a good tool for studying drug metabolism, and shows promise as a new tool for analysing transcriptional regulation under the influence of xenobiotics within primary hepatocytes.
Abstract: In the present study, we analysed the expression of monooxygenase activities and mRNAs associated with cytochrome P-450 (CYP), including CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1/2, CYP2C6, CYP2E1, CYP3A1/2, glutathione transferase alpha (GST alpha), aldehyde dehydrogenase and epoxide hydrolase in co-cultures of primary rat hepatocytes and rat liver epithelial cells. We observed that pentoxyresorufin O-deethylation activity was well maintained and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation activity gradually decreased during co-culture time. In addition, we showed that phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene treatments resulted in a significant increase of these activities. Two general patterns of accumulation of liver-specific mRNAs were observed. CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1/2, CYP3A1/2, GST alpha, aldehyde dehydrogenase and epoxide hydrolase mRNAs were maintained at a stable level, whereas CYP2C6 and CYP2E1 mRNAs showed a continuous decline. In addition, we observed a strong increase of CYP1A1/2 (13.6-fold) and GST alpha (3.9-fold) mRNA expression in 3-methylcholanthrene-treated co-cultures and induction of CYP2B1/2 (19-fold), CYP2C6 (10-fold), CYP3A1/2 (11.2-fold), GST alpha (9-fold), aldehyde dehydrogenase (6-fold) and epoxide hydrolase (5-fold) mRNA expression in phenobarbital-treated co-cultures. Furthermore, we demonstrated that liver-specific gene expression was restricted to hepatocytes, with the notable exception of epoxide hydrolase and CYP2E1 which were expressed in both cell types during the co-culture, as shown by the selective recovery of both hepatocytes and rat liver epithelial cells. Finally, to investigate whether co-cultures could be used to study the molecular mechanisms regulating CYP transcription, we performed transfection of hepatocytes, before the establishment of the co-culture, with large CYP2B1 (3.9 kb) or CYP2B2 (4.5 kb) promoter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs or with a construct containing a 163-bp DNA sequence element reported to confer phenobarbital responsiveness. A 2-3-fold increase over the basal level of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity was observed in phenobarbital-treated co-cultures transfected with the phenobarbital-responsive element construct, although phenobarbital had no effect on large CYP2B1 or CYP2B2 promoter fragments. Our results demonstrate that the co-culture system provides a good tool for studying drug metabolism, and shows promise as a new tool for analysing transcriptional regulation under the influence of xenobiotics within primary hepatocytes.

37 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Cell culture
133.3K papers, 5.3M citations
84% related
Gene expression
113.3K papers, 5.5M citations
84% related
Receptor
159.3K papers, 8.2M citations
83% related
Signal transduction
122.6K papers, 8.2M citations
82% related
Apoptosis
115.4K papers, 4.8M citations
82% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023260
2022192
202170
202081
201980
201895