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Aldehyde dehydrogenase

About: Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3365 publications have been published within this topic receiving 107683 citations.


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TL;DR: There was a reduction in overall ALDH activity and particularly in the mitochondrial isoenzyme in those with cirrhosis, and by limiting acetaldehyde oxidation it could be responsible for the rapid deterioration in liver function in patients who continue drinking excessively.
Abstract: A method has been developed for simultaneous analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoenzymes in small (2.5 mg) liver biopsy cores by starch gel electrophoresis. All the currently recognized hepatic isoenzymes coded by ADH1, ADH2, ADH3 and ADH4 can be detected as can the five ALDH isoenzymes. Using this technique we have investigated the isoenzyme composition of liver samples from English and Chinese subjects and a group of chronic alcoholics. Pronounced racial differences in frequency of ADH2 and ALDH phenotypes were found--only 2 (4%) of English controls had the "atypical" ADH2 variant whereas this was present in 42 (84%) of Chinese subjects, and whereas all the English subjects had the rapidly migrating mitochondrial isoenzyme of ALDH, this was absent in 27 (54%) of Chinese. No differences in ADH or ALDH phenotype were seen in the chronic alcoholics, all of whom were of English origin, compared with the English controls, but there was a reduction in overall ALDH activity and particularly in the mitochondrial isoenzyme in those with cirrhosis. The reduction in ALDH activity is probably acquired; by limiting acetaldehyde oxidation it could be responsible for the rapid deterioration in liver function in patients who continue drinking excessively.

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to catabolize phenolic compounds remains to be fully elucidated and the catabolic route of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid in S. Cerevisiae was studied in greater detail.
Abstract: The ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to catabolize phenolic compounds remains to be fully elucidated. Conversion of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid by S. cerevisiae under aerobic conditions was previously reported. A conversion pathway was also proposed. In the present study, possible enzymes involved in the reported conversion were investigated. Aldehyde dehydrogenase Ald5, phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase Pad1, and alcohol acetyltransferases Atf1 and Atf2, were hypothesised to be involved. Corresponding genes for the four enzymes were overexpressed in a S. cerevisiae strain named APT_1. The ability of APT_1 to tolerate and convert the three phenolic compounds was tested. APT_1 was also compared to strains B_CALD heterologously expressing coniferyl aldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas, and an ald5Δ strain, all previously reported. APT_1 exhibited the fastest conversion of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid. Using the intermediates and conversion products of each compound, the catabolic route of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid in S. cerevisiae was studied in greater detail.

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alcohol dehydrogenase and ALDH family members are differentially expressed in the various cell types of pancreas and ADH1C may play an important role in modulation of activation of pancreatic stellate cells.
Abstract: Background: Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are major enzymes responsible for metabolism of ethanol. Genetic polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C, and ALDH2 occur among racial populations. The metabolic effect and metabolites contribute to pathogenesis of pancreatic injury. The goal of this study was to determine the functional expressions and cellular localization of ADH and ALDH families in human pancreas. Methods: Fifty five surgical specimens of normal pancreas as well as 15 samples each for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were investigated. Class-specific antibodies were prepared by affinity chromatographies from rabbit antisera raised against recombinant human ADH1C1, ADH4, ADH5, ADH7, ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and ALDH3A1. The isozyme expression patterns of ADH/ALDH were identified by isoelectric focusing, and the activities were assayed spectrophotometrically. The protein contents of ADH/ALDH isozymes were determined by immunoblotting, and the cellular localizations were detected by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry. Results: At 33 mM ethanol, pH 7.5, the activities were significantly different between allelic phenotypes of ADH1B. The activity of ALDH2-inactive phenotypes was slightly lower than ALDH2-active phenotypes at 200 μM acetaldehyde. The protein contents were in the following decreasing order: ALDH1A1, ALDH2, ADH1, and ADH5. ADH1B was detected in the acinar cells and ADH1C in the ductular, islet, and stellate cells. The expression of ADH1C appeared to be increased in the activated pancreatic stellate cells in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: Alcohol dehydrogenase and ALDH family members are differentially expressed in the various cell types of pancreas. ADH1C may play an important role in modulation of activation of pancreatic stellate cells.

34 citations

01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: Genomic organization, copy number, sub-cellular localization and expression profiles of ALDH genes are conserved in Arabidopsis, E. salsugineum, and E. parvulum, and these genes may contribute to salinity tolerance in the halophyte model plants.
Abstract: † Background and Aims Stresses such as drought or salinity induce the generation of reactive oxygen species, which subsequently cause excessive accumulation of aldehydes in plant cells. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are considered as ‘aldehyde scavengers’ to eliminate toxic aldehydes caused by oxidative stress. The completion of the genome sequencing projects of the halophytes Eutrema parvulum and E. salsugineum has paved the way to explore the relationships and the roles of ALDH genes in the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana and halophyte model plants. † Methods Protein sequences of all plant ALDH families were used as queries to search E. parvulum and E. salsugineum genome databases. Evolutionary analyses compared the phylogenetic relationships of ALDHs from A. thaliana and Eutrema. Expression patterns of several stress-associated ALDH genes were investigated under different salt conditions using reverse transcription–PCR. Putative cis-elements in the promoters of ALDH10A8 from A. thaliana and E. salsugineum were compared in silico. † Key Results Sixteen and 17 members of ten ALDH families were identified fromE.parvulum andE.salsugineum genomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of ALDH protein sequences indicated thatEutrema ALDHs are closely related to those of Arabidopsis, and members within these species possess nearly identical exon– intron structures. Gene expression analysis under different salt conditions showed that most of theALDH genes have similar expression profiles in Arabidopsis and E. salsugineum, except for ALDH7B4 and ALDH10A8. In silico analysis of promoter regions of ALDH10A8 revealed different distributions of cis-elements in E. salsugineum and Arabidopsis. † Conclusions Genomic organization, copy number, sub-cellular localization and expression profiles of ALDH genes are conserved in Arabidopsis, E. parvulum and E. salsugineum. The different expression patterns of ALDH7B4 andALDH10A8 in Arabidopsis andE.salsugineum suggest thatE.salsugineum uses modified regulatory pathways, which may contribute to salinity tolerance.

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The enzymatic activity of the mitochondrial ALDH-isoform was significantly increased only in the putamen of patients suffering from AD compared to controls, adding to the body of evidence that suggests that oxidative stress as well as aldehyde toxicity play a role in AD.
Abstract: For decades, it has been acknowledged that oxidative stress due to free radical species contributes to the pathophysiology of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) not only transform aldehydes to acids but also act as antioxidant enzymes. However, little is known about the implications of the enzymatic family of ALDH in the context of neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore examined the enzymatic activity of the mitochondrial ALDH-isoform in different regions of the postmortem brain tissue isolated from patients with AD and controls. We found that the mitochondrial ALDH activity was significantly increased only in the putamen of patients suffering from AD compared to controls. This is of particular interest since mediators of oxidative stress, such as iron, are increased in the putamen of patients with AD. This study adds to the body of evidence that suggests that oxidative stress as well as aldehyde toxicity play a role in AD.

34 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023260
2022192
202170
202081
201980
201895