Showing papers on "Aldose published in 1983"
77 citations
TL;DR: Two aldose reductases, immunologically and electrophoretically identical to the muscle enzymes, were found in rabbit lens and also detected in the skeletal muscle of male rats and pigs and in pig and bovine lens.
67 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that aldose and aldehyde reductase participate in the conversion of the corticosteroid ketol side chain to the glycol side chain via an aldol intermediate by the 'long loop' pathway proposed by Monder and Bradlow.
Abstract: In this paper we describe the reduction of corticosteroid metabolites containing the 17β-aldol side chain (isocorticosteroids) by aldose and aldehyde reductase from human tissues. Aldose reductase catalyzed the reduction of the aldehydes derived from cortisol and corticosterone at about the same rate, whereas aldehyde reductase preferentially acted on the aldehydes derived from 17-deoxycorticosteroids. At comparable rates of reduction the Michaelis constants for the best steroid aldehydes were one order of magnitude lower than for the hitherto best substrates. We propose that aldose and aldehyde reductase participate in the conversion of the corticosteroid ketol side chain to the glycol side chain via an aldol intermediate by the ‘long loop’ pathway proposed by Monder and Bradlow [(1977) J. Steroid Biochem. 8, 897–908].
66 citations
65 citations
62 citations
Patent•
07 Nov 1983TL;DR: In this article, an 8-substituted guanine derivative bonded 9-1' to an aldose having 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the aldoses chain was used as an active agent.
Abstract: Compositions and methods for their use in modulating animal cellular responses are disclosed. The compositions include as an active agent an effective amount of an 8-substituted guanine derivative bonded 9-1' to an aldose having 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the aldose chain. The composition includes a diluent amount of a physiologically tolerable carrier. The guanine derivative is free of electrically charged functionality, while the 8-substituent has an electron withdrawing inductive effect greater than that of hydrogen and contains fewer than about 15 atoms. Animal cellular responses are modulated by contacting the cells with a composition of this invention.
44 citations
TL;DR: Kinetic studies indicated both enzymes to have a greater apparent affinity for aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes than for aldose sugars, and both enzymes displayed only trace activity with 200 mM L-gulonic acid.
34 citations
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-step approach to the synthesis of aldose sugar phosphonates substituted at C-1, the anomeric carbon, is demonstrated through the example of the isosteric methylene analog of α- D -ribose-1-phosphate.
25 citations
19 citations
TL;DR: Substrate specificity studies showed that the four enzymes were capable of reducing various aldehydes and aldoses, however, D-hexoses (D-glucose and Dgalactose) were poor substrates for aldose reductases IIa and IIb.
Abstract: Four aldose reductases, designated here as aldose reductases Ia, Ib, IIa and IIb, have been purified to homogeneity from rabbit lens by a combination of several procedures such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, dye-affinity chromatography and chromatofocusing. The molecular weights of the four aldose reductases were estimated to be 33000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and to be 37000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These enzymes had an identical pH optimum of 5.6. Substrate specificity studies showed that the four enzymes were capable of reducing various aldehydes and aldoses. However, D-hexoses (D-glucose and Dgalactose) were poor substrates for aldose reductases IIa and IIb. Aldose reductases Ia and Ib used both reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as coenzymes, but aldose reductases IIa and IIb used NADPH specifically. Very high substrate concentrations were required to demonstrate the reaction in the reverse direction with these aldose reductases. Aldose reductases Ia and Ib were activated by sulfate ion, but aldose reductases IIa and IIb were not, and they were all inhibited remarkably by phenobarbital (1 mM). On the basis of the above results, aldose reductases Ia and Ib could be classified as aldose reductase (alditol : NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21).
TL;DR: In this article, the aldehyde reacts with ylid (3b) to give (7 ) as 4:1 Z/E mixture which, upon methanolysis under catalysis by pyridinium p -toluenesulfonate (PPTS), affords the bispyranoside (5a ) as single anomer.
Patent•
15 Jun 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for converting polysaccharides such as starches to alkyl glycosides by means of a reaction media comprised of starch, an alkanol of at least 3 carbon atoms and at least one other alcohol-soluble organo co-solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperatures under pressure is presented.
Abstract: Organo glycoside ethers are prepared by reacting saccharide containing compositions with alcohols of 3 or more carbon atoms in the presence of 2 or more moles of water for each aldose unit mole. The method is particularly effective for converting polysaccharides, such as starches to alkyl glycosides by means of a reaction media comprised of starch, an alkanol of at least 3 carbon atoms and at least one other alcohol-soluble organo co-solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperatures under pressure.
TL;DR: In this paper, the preparation of O-(p-nitrobenzyl), O-(n-methyl oximes) and O-(m-oximes) oximes and separation par chromatographie liquide is described.
TL;DR: Methylglyoxal is successfully converted to the tin(II) enediolate on treatment with activated metallic tin and reacts with several aldehydes to give α, β-dihydroxyketones in good yields.
Abstract: Methylglyoxal is successfully converted to the tin(II) enediolate on treatment with activated metallic tin. The tin(II) enediolate reacts with several aldehydes to give α, β-dihydroxyketones in good yields.
TL;DR: In this article, β-Xylofuranosides are synthesized in good yields by the successive treatment of the thiocarbonate, derived from 3,5-di-O-benzyl-D-xylofuranose, with methyl fluorosulfonate and hydroxy compounds in the presence of cesium fluoride.
Abstract: β-Xylofuranosides are stereoselectively synthesized in good yields by the successive treatment of the thiocarbonate, derived from 3,5-di-O-benzyl-D-xylofuranose, with methyl fluorosulfonate and hydroxy compounds in the presence of cesium fluoride.
Journal Article•
Patent•
19 Oct 1983TL;DR: In this article, a process for the conversion of an aldose or a substituted aldoses to a ketose, or substituted ketoses, in an aqueous reaction mixture containing a halide of a metal from Group ll of the Periodic Table at a concentration in the range 0.5 molar to saturation is described.
Abstract: A process for the conversion of an aldose, or a substituted aldose, to a ketose, or a substituted ketose, in an aqueous reaction mixture containing a halide of a metal from Group ll of the Periodic Table at a concentration in the range 0.5 molar to saturation. The process is particularly suitable for converting glucose into fructose. The preferred metal halide is calcium chloride.
TL;DR: Synthese a partir de didesoxy-5,6 Oisopropylidene-1,2 O-methyl-3 nitro-6 α-D-xylo-hexeno-5furanose et de phenylphosphine
Patent•
08 Nov 1983TL;DR: In this paper, an 8-substituted guanine derivative bonded 9-1' to an aldose having 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the aldoses chain was used as an active agent.
Abstract: Compositions and methods for their use in modulating animal cellular responses are disclosed. The compositions include as an active agent an effective amount of an 8-substituted guanine derivative bonded 9-1' to an aldose having 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the aldose chain. The composition includes a diluent amount of a physiologically tolerable carrier. The guanine derivative is free of electrically charged functionality, while the 8-substituent has an electron withdrawing inductive effect greater than that of hydrogen and contains fewer than about 15 atoms. Animal cellular responses are modulated by contacting the cells with a composition of this invention.
Patent•
29 Sep 1983TL;DR: In this article, a method for the introduction of the 13 C isotope into a variety of carbohydrates in a single step reaction was proposed, which provided a quick and convenient method for introducing the 13C isotope in a varietyof carbohydrates.
Abstract: Utilizing the method of the present invention, a variety of aldose and ketose phosphates may be synthesized, labeled with 13 C at any one of a number of single sites or synthetically related sites starting from 13 C labeled pyruvate and using enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The method of the present invention provides a quick and convenient method for the introduction of the 13 C isotope into a variety of carbohydrates in a single step reaction. It also provides a method for the preparation of isotopically labeled carbohydrates in high yield, with little or no limitation on quantity, from commercially available labeled precursor.
TL;DR: The treatment of aldose derivatives that are protected at all but the anomeric hydroxy groups with N-dichloromethylene-N,N-dialkylammonium chlorides (alkyl = Me, Et) provides an improved method of preparing the corresponding glycosyl chlorides.
Abstract: The treatment of aldose derivatives that are protected at all but the anomeric hydroxy groups with N-dichloromethylene-N,N-dialkylammonium chlorides (alkyl = Me, Et) provides an improved method of preparing the corresponding glycosyl chlorides Analogous derivatives containing anunprotected C1-C2 diol give 2-O-(N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl)glycosyl chlorides