Aliquat 336

About: Aliquat 336 is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 964 publications have been published within this topic receiving 18687 citations. The topic is also known as: Aliquat 336 & Methyltricaprylylammonium chloride.

An environmentally friendlier approach to hydrometallurgy: highly selective separation of cobalt from nickel by solvent extraction with undiluted phosphonium ionic liquids

Abstract: A green solvent extraction process for the separation of cobalt from nickel, magnesium and calcium in chloride medium was developed, using undiluted phosphonium-based ionic liquids as extractants. Cobalt was extracted to the ionic liquid phase as the tetrachlorocobaltate(II) complex, leaving behind nickel, magnesium and calcium in the aqueous phase. Manganese is interfering in the separation process. The main advantage of this ionic liquid extraction process is that no organic diluents have to be added to the organic phase, so that the use of volatile organic compounds can be avoided. Separation factors higher than 50 000 were observed for the cobalt/nickel separation from 8 M HCl solution. After extraction, cobalt can easily be stripped using water and the ionic liquid can be reused as extractant, so that a continuous extraction process is possible. Up to 35 g L−1 of cobalt can be extracted to the ionic liquid phase, while still having a distribution coefficient higher than 100. Instead of hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride can be used as a chloride source. The extraction process has been upscaled to batch processes using 250 mL of ionic liquid. Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride, tri(butyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride, tetra(octyl)phosphonium bromide, tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium bromide and Aliquat 336 have been tested for their performance to extract cobalt from an aqueous chloride phase to an ionic liquid phase. Tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101) turned out to be the best option as the ionic liquid phase, compromising between commercial availability, separation characteristics and easiness to handle the ionic liquid.

Aliquat 336®—a versatile and affordable cation source for an entirely new family of hydrophobic ionic liquids

Abstract: A novel family of ionic liquids based on the tricaprylmethylammonium cation [C25H54N+] combined with a number of anions that are easily and elegantly prepared by means of simple replacement of the chloride, [Cl−], anion in Aliquat 336®—an ionic liquid itself—is introduced. Ionic liquids for engineering purposes should be affordable, easy to handle (i.e. air and moisture stable) and preferably simple to prepare by a non-expert in synthetic chemistry. Consequently, this paper introduces a viable option as a family of engineering-purpose ionic liquids derived from Aliquat 336®. Moreover, the prepared materials can be utilized, e.g. in heterogenized form as a catalyst incorporating catalytically active metal species (Pd) for the hydrogenation of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, citral.

Studies on transport mechanism of Cr(VI) extraction from an acidic solution using liquid surfactant membranes

Abstract: A mathematical model for analysing the extraction of Cr(VI) from aqueous acidic solution by emulsion liquid membrane using Aliquat 336 as extractant and NaOH as stripping agent has been presented. The existing models developed so far do not account for the existence of different forms of Cr(VI) ions in the aqueous phase depending on pH conditions. Accordingly, in the present model, reaction equilibrium has been considered instead of distribution coefficient to represent realistically the transport mechanism for this type of system through liquid surfactant membrane. Unlike other models, liquid–liquid equilibrium of sodium hydroxide-chloride of Aliquat 336 has also been considered. The carrier thus exists in the membrane phase in hydroxide and chloride forms and extraction of hexavalent chromium from the external phase proceeds by the two carriers. The validity of the model has been checked from comparison of the simulated curves and experimental data using chemical reaction equilibrium constant and D eff / R 2 as fitting parameters.

Applicability of liquid membranes in chromium(VI) transport with amines as ion carriers

Abstract: Chromium(VI) transport across supported liquid membranes (SLMs) and polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) with tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salt (Aliquat 336) from chloride acidic aqueous solution to 0.1 M NaOH has been studied. The initial flux of Cr(VI) decreases linearly with logarithm of n -octanol/water partition coefficient increase for R 3 N amines (R = n -C 6 H 13 – n -C 12 H 25 ). The chromate ions are transported across polymer inclusion membranes with lower rate using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) instead of cellulose triacetate (CTA) support. The decreasing of Cr(VI) initial fluxes in following order of plasticizers: o -nitrophenyl pentyl ether > bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate > dibutyl phtalate was observed. The comparative Cr(VI) transport studies of bulk, supported and polymer inclusion membranes were done. The highest permeability coefficient values for Cr(VI) was found for SLM, while the lowers values were observed for BLM. The repeated transport experiments of SLM and PIM were shown and the stability of PIM was described using the Danesi's thermodynamic model. The long-term integrity of PIM was found. Non-contact atomic force microscope was applied to obtain images of pores in polymer inclusion membranes.

Sorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated with Aliquat 336

Abstract: This work investigates the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using solvent impregnated resins (SIR). SIR have been formed by impregnating Amberlite XAD-7 with Aliquat 336 as the extractant and acetone as the solvent by a wet impregnation technique. SIR of three different concentrations, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g Aliquat 336/g Amberlite XAD-7 have been prepared in two different size ranges: 300–401 and 553–711 μm. The speciation diagram of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution has been produced. The effect of pH on the sorption of chromium (VI) ions has been investigated; equilibrium experiments have been carried out with three different types of SIR to quantify the sorption capacity. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm gave a satisfactory fit of the equilibrium data. Kinetic experiments have been performed with different concentrations of SIR and different size ranges to assess the performance of the SIR and to investigate potential kinetic models for the sorption process. Vermeulen's approximation for particle diffusion has been fitted to the kinetic data and it showed very good correlation. The mechanism of chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution by SIR has been proposed.