Topic
Alkaline phosphatase
About: Alkaline phosphatase is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 20218 publications have been published within this topic receiving 540547 citations. The topic is also known as: Alkaline_phosphatase & IPR001952.
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TL;DR: It is suggested that low and repeated doses of MC-LR from cyanobacterial cells induce toxicity in tilapia fish although no adverse effects were detected.
135 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was found that inorganic pyrophosphate markedly increased the time required for the transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate into its crystalline form under various conditions.
Abstract: The transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate into its crystalline form has been studiedin vitro under various conditions. The transformation was followed by changes in the pH and in the calcium and phosphate content of the solution and by changes in the Ca/P ratio and x-ray diffraction patterns of the solid phase. It was found that inorganic pyrophosphate markedly increased the time required for the transformation under the various conditions used. The addition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase abolished this retarding effect of pyrophosphate on the transformation. It is proposed that pyrophosphate may be one of the factors that allows part of the bone mineral to persist in a non-crystalline state. The alkaline phosphatase of bone, by virtue of its pyrophosphatase activity, might be able to accelerate the transformation processin vivo.
135 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that, in addition to hydrophobic transmembrane segments, positively charged amino acids in the hydrophilic cytoplasmic domains of a membrane protein are determinants of the protein's topology.
Abstract: When alkaline phosphatase is fused to the periplasmic domain of a cytoplasmic membrane protein, it is efficiently exported to the periplasm. Such a hybrid protein exhibits high alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity. When alkaline phosphatase is fused to the cytoplasmic domain of a membrane protein, it remains, for the most part, in the cytoplasm. Such fusions exhibit low enzymatic activity. However, stable retention of alkaline phosphatase in the cytoplasm requires the presence in the fusion protein of the cytoplasmic loop ordinarily present in that position in the native, unfused protein. Using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that positively charged amino acids are required for the stable cytoplasmic localization of the fused alkaline phosphatase. We propose that, in addition to hydrophobic transmembrane segments, positively charged amino acids in the hydrophilic cytoplasmic domains of a membrane protein are determinants of the protein's topology.
135 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that vitrification at a low concentration (2M) of intracellular cryoprotectants is a viable and effective approach for the cryopreservation of murine embryonic stem cells.
134 citations
TL;DR: Treatment-related alterations of clinical chemistry and histopathology occurred frequently in this series of toxicity studies in rats, indicating that clinical chemistry evaluations can be useful for detecting potential treatment effects throughout a study.
134 citations