Alkylation

About: Alkylation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 29915 publications have been published within this topic receiving 464944 citations. The topic is also known as: alkylation reaction.

Auxiliary-Assisted Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation and Alkylation of sp2 and sp3 Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds

Abstract: We have developed a method for auxiliary-directed, palladium-catalyzed β-arylation and alkylation of sp3 and sp2 C−H bonds in carboxylic acid derivatives. The method employs a carboxylic acid 2-methylthioaniline- or 8-aminoquinoline amide substrate, aryl or alkyl iodide coupling partner, palladium acetate catalyst, and an inorganic base. By employing 2-methylthioaniline auxiliary, selective monoarylation of primary sp3 C−H bonds can be achieved. If arylation of secondary sp3 C−H bonds is desired, 8-aminoquinoline auxiliary may be used. For alkylation of sp3 and sp2 C−H bonds, 8-aminoquinoline auxiliary affords the best results. Some functional group tolerance is observed and amino- and hydroxy-acid derivatives can be functionalized. Preliminary mechanistic studies have been performed. A palladacycle intermediate has been isolated, characterized by X-ray crystallography, and its reactions have been studied.

Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Alkylation Using Alkenes

Abstract: Alkylation reactions represent an important organic transformation to form C–C bonds. In addition to conventional approaches with alkyl halides or sulfonates as alkylating agents, the use of unactivated olefins for alkylations has become attractive from both cost and sustainability viewpoints. This Review summarizes transition-metal-catalyzed alkylations of various carbon–hydrogen bonds (addition of C–H bonds across olefins) using regular olefins or 1,3-dienes up to May 2016. According to the mode of activation, the Review is divided into two sections: alkylation via C–H activation and alkylation via olefin activation.

Phase transfer catalysis

Abstract: Ion Pairs and Ion Pair Extraction Introduction: The Nature of Phase Transfer Catalysis Ion Pairs in Organic Media Extraction of Ion Pairs from Aqueous Solution Crown Ethers, Cryptates, and Other Chelating Agents as Extractants Solid-Liquid Anion Exchange Mechanism of Phase Transfer Catalysis Mechanistic Investigations Empirical Catalyst Evaluations Unusual and Polymer Supported Catalysts Practical Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis General Experimental Procedures Formation of Halides Preparation of Nitriles Ester Formation Miscellaneous Displacements Thiols and Sulfides Preparation of Ethers N-Alkylations C-Alkylation of Activated CH-Bonds Alkylation of Ambident Anions Isomerizations and H/D Exchange Additions across Multiple CC-Bonds Addition to C=O and C=N Bonds b'-Eliminations Hydrolysis Reactions Generation and Conversion of Phosphonium and Sulfonium Ylides Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Miscellaneous Reactions Organometallic PTC Applications a'-Eliminations Reduction Reactions Oxidation Reactions References Subject Index.