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Alloy
About: Alloy is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 171884 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1719420 citations. The topic is also known as: alloys.
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TL;DR: It is shown that oxygen can take the form of ordered oxygen complexes, a state in between oxide particles and frequently occurring random interstitials, which lead to unprecedented enhancement in both strength and ductility in compositionally complex solid solutions, the so-called high-entropy alloys (HEAs).
Abstract: Oxygen, one of the most abundant elements on Earth, often forms an undesired interstitial impurity or ceramic phase (such as an oxide particle) in metallic materials. Even when it adds strength, oxygen doping renders metals brittle1–3. Here we show that oxygen can take the form of ordered oxygen complexes, a state in between oxide particles and frequently occurring random interstitials. Unlike traditional interstitial strengthening4,5, such ordered interstitial complexes lead to unprecedented enhancement in both strength and ductility in compositionally complex solid solutions, the so-called high-entropy alloys (HEAs)6–10. The tensile strength is enhanced (by 48.5 ± 1.8 per cent) and ductility is substantially improved (by 95.2 ± 8.1 per cent) when doping a model TiZrHfNb HEA with 2.0 atomic per cent oxygen, thus breaking the long-standing strength–ductility trade-off11. The oxygen complexes are ordered nanoscale regions within the HEA characterized by (O, Zr, Ti)-rich atomic complexes whose formation is promoted by the existence of chemical short-range ordering among some of the substitutional matrix elements in the HEAs. Carbon has been reported to improve strength and ductility simultaneously in face-centred cubic HEAs12, by lowering the stacking fault energy and increasing the lattice friction stress. By contrast, the ordered interstitial complexes described here change the dislocation shear mode from planar slip to wavy slip, and promote double cross-slip and thus dislocation multiplication through the formation of Frank–Read sources (a mechanism explaining the generation of multiple dislocations) during deformation. This ordered interstitial complex-mediated strain-hardening mechanism should be particularly useful in Ti-, Zr- and Hf-containing alloys, in which interstitial elements are highly undesirable owing to their embrittlement effects, and in alloys where tuning the stacking fault energy and exploiting athermal transformations13 do not lead to property enhancement. These results provide insight into the role of interstitial solid solutions and associated ordering strengthening mechanisms in metallic materials. Ordered oxygen complexes in high-entropy alloys enhance both strength and ductility in these compositionally complex solid solutions.
874 citations
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01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, a texture analysis is used to evaluate the effect of texture on the deformation behavior of a cast Mg-Zn-Al-Alloy in a high temperature setting.
Abstract: Partial Table of Contents: ALLOY DEVELOPMENT. Development of Practical High Temperature Magnesium Casting Alloys (J. King). Creep Resistant Mg Alloy Development (K. Pettersen, et al.). New Magnesium Wrought Alloys (C. Jaschik, et al.). Phase Equilibria, Microstructure and Properties of Novel Mg-Mn- Y Alloys (A. Pisch, et al.). TEXTURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE. Texture Analysis as a Tool for Wrought Magnesium Alloy Development (S. Agnew, et al.). Influence of Texture on Deformation Behaviour of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 (R. Gehrmann, et al.). Magnesium Applications in Aerospace and Electronic Industries (B. Landkof). JOINING. Friction Stir Welding of Lightweight Materials (S. Kallee, et al.). MAGNESIUM MATRIX COMPOSITES. Thermal Fatgue of Magnesium Matrix Composites (F. Chmel?k, et al.). Possibilities of the Heat Treatment of MagnesiumMatrix Composites Reinforced with SiC Particles (K. Braszczynska). MECHANICAL DEVELOPMENT. Mechanical Properties of Extruded Magnesium Alloys (B. Closset). Fatigue Design with Cast Magnesium Alloys (C. Sonsino, et al.). Superplasticity of Magnesium-Based Alloys (U. Draugelates, et al.). APPLICATION. High-Speed-Drilling in AZ91 D Without Lubricoolants (F. Tikal, et al.). Cast Magnesium Alloys for Wide Application (P. Detkov, et al.). CORROSION AND SURFACE TREATMENT. Corrosion Properties of Die Cast AM Alloys (M. Videm, et al.). Corrosion Fatigue and Corrosion Creep of Magnesium Alloys (A. Eliezer, et al.). PROCESSING. Quality Index Charts for Mg-based Casting Alloys (C. C?ceres). Semi Solid Injection Molding of MagnesiumAlloys (A. Dworog, et al.). Hydrostatic Extrusion of Magnesium (K. Savage, et al.). Processing of Cellular Magnesium Alloy (Y. Yamada, et al.). PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Damping in Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys (W. Riehemann). CREEP BEHAVIOUR. Creep of Mg-Zn-Al-Alloys (M. Vogel, et al.). The Microstructure and Creep of an Extruded Mg-Y-Nd Alloy (R. Azari-Khosroshahi). RECYCLING, MELTING, ENVIRONMENTAL. Remelting and Cleaning of Magnesium Scrap (U. Galovsky & M. K?hlein). SIMULATION. An Approach to Determine Solidification Curves of Commercial Magnesium Alloys (D. Mirkovic, et al.). Indexes.
858 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of various new magnesium alloys that have been developed in recent years for elevated temperature applications is presented. And the potential applications of these alloys in automotive powertrains are also discussed.
Abstract: Creep resistance is a major requirement for the use of magnesium in automotive powertrain components that are currently made of aluminium or cast iron. This paper summarises various new magnesium alloys that have been developed in recent years for elevated temperature applications. The alloy development basis, mechanical properties, creep resistance, bolt-load retention characteristics, and microstructure of seven new alloy systems (Mg–Al–RE, Mg–Al–Ca, Mg–Zn–Al–Ca, Mg–Al–Ca–RE, Mg–Al–Sr, Mg–Si, and Mg–RE–Zn; where RE represents mischmetal rare earth elements) are critically reviewed. The potential applications of these alloys in automotive powertrains are also discussed.
840 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors designed AlCoCrFeNiTiTi0.5 alloy by using the strategy of equiatomic ratio and high entropy of mixing, which is composed mainly of body centered cubic solid solution and possesses excellent compressive mechanical properties.
Abstract: Alloys with composition of AlCoCrFeNiTix (x: molar ratio; x=0,0.5,1,1.5) were designed by using the strategy of equiatomic ratio and high entropy of mixing. The alloy system is composed mainly of body centered cubic solid solution and possesses excellent room-temperature compressive mechanical properties. Particularly for AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 alloy, the yield stress, fracture strength, and plastic strain are as high as 2.26GPa, 3.14GPa, and 23.3%, respectively, which are superior to most of the high-strength alloys such as bulk metallic glasses.
827 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the stacking fault energies of seven commercial austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni, Fe-Ni-Mn and Fe-N-Ni alloys were determined by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis.
Abstract: The stacking fault energies of seven commercial austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni, Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn and Fe-Mn-Ni alloys have been determined by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. From comparison with existing data on laboratory alloys with similar compositions, it is concluded that both Ni and C increase γ while Cr, Si, Mn, and N decrease γ. Regression analysis of data produced in this study provides an expression relating γ to commercial alloy composition in terms of Ni, Cr, Mn, and Mo alloy concentrations.
824 citations