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Showing papers on "Aluminium hydroxide published in 1986"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For two years all 28 patients undergoing hospital haemodialysis were switched from a dialysate magnesium (Mg) of 0.85 mmol/l to one containing none, and magnesium carbonate was substituted as a phosphate binder, finding it unnecessary for the control of dialysis hyperphosphataemia.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the combined use of calcium salt and polymeric aluminium hydroxide, P, for treatment of fluoridated waste water has been described, where the calcium ions acts as precipitant and P is used as coagulant.

82 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interaction between polymeric aluminium hydroxide, Alp, and fluoride has been investigated to optimize the conditions for removal of fluoride from waste waters of aluminium manufacturing plants as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The interaction between polymeric aluminium hydroxide, Alp, and fluoride has been investigated to optimize the conditions for removal of fluoride from waste waters of aluminium manufacturing plants...

43 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present results suggest the additional role of sulfhydryl-containing compounds localized in the gastric mucosa in the cytoprotection induced by a mild irritant or by aluminium hydroxide and aluminium hydoxidecontaining antacids as well.
Abstract: The involvement of sulfhydryl-containing compounds was investigated in the cytoprotective effect of certain antacids against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in the rat. Not only the protective effect of a sulfhydryl containing compound,N-acetylcysteine, was abolished after pretreatment withN-ethylmaleimid, but also the adaptive cytoprotection induced by 20% ethanol. Pretreatment of the animals with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin or with the thiol reagentN-ethylmaleimide significantly diminished the cytoprotection evoked by aluminum hydroxide. However, the protective effect of aluminium hydroxide could only be totally abolished by pretreatment with the combination of indomethacin andN-ethylmaleimide. The present results suggest the additional role of sulfhydryl-containing compounds localized in the gastric mucosa in the cytoprotection induced by a mild irritant or by aluminium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxidecontaining antacids as well.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that either the maintenance or the strengthening or even the replacement of the gastric nonwettable hydrophobic lining between the damaging agent and the Gastric mucosa may contribute to the cytoprotective mechanism of certain compounds.
Abstract: The role of the gastric nonwettable hydrophobic layer (surfactant) was investigated in the mucosal protection against the damage induced by ethanol in the rat. Although aluminium hydroxide inhibited t

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the inclusion of aluminium hydroxide on the neutralization profiles and raft strength of alginate-based antacid formulations was investigated using in vitro techniques.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of zinc(II) on aluminium hydroxide from ZnSO4 or ZnCl2 solutions in the presence of anions such as chloride, perchlorate or sulphate has been investigated.

28 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated factors that influence the sorption of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) on aluminium hydroxide and showed that chromates are more tightly sorbed on aluminium than other anions, such as chlorides.
Abstract: Factors that influence the sorption of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) on aluminium hydroxide were investigated. The sorption of chromates decreases as the pH of the suspension increases. The mechanism of CrO 4 2− sorption was interpreted in terms of reactions between chromates and −OH and/or H2O groups at the hydroxide/liquid interface. It has been shown that chromates are more tightly sorbed on aluminium hydroxide compared to other anions, e.g. chlorides. On the other hand, specifically absorbed anions, such as molybdates, compete strongly with chromates for the sorption sites. The sorption of chromium(III) increases with the pH of the suspension. Also, the sorption of chromium(III) is suppressed in the presence of citrate ions. The best conditions for the fixation of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) by aluminium hydroxide are presented.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the reaction of aqueous solutions of lithium chloride, bromide, iodide and sulphate resulted in corresponding lithium aluminates (LA-An x−, where An x − is Cl −, Br −, I −, SO 4 2− ).

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1986-Nephron
TL;DR: It is concluded that bone aluminium deposition occurs despite the use of aluminium-free dialysate and is associated with total and present aluminium hydroxide consumption; heavy aluminium deposition isassociated with severe and symptomatic osteomalacia, but can also be observed in the presence of predominant hyperparathyroidism.
Abstract: Postmortem iliac crest biopsies were performed on 16 uremic patients. 3 had been treated conservatively while 13 had been entered into a maintenance dialysis program. The dialysate was treated by reverse osmosis for more than 10 years, and the aluminium concentration was consistently below the detection limit of 0.15 mol/l. 14 patients had been treated with aluminium hydroxide. Bone histomorphometry, aluminium labelling intensity, osteoid surface aluminium labelling extent (Al/OBI) and bone aluminium concentration were measured. 14 patients had significant bone aluminium deposition, including 2 who were not on dialysis of whom 1 had not received aluminium hydroxide. Bone aluminium concentration and labelling intensity were correlated to total aluminium hydroxide consumption (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05) and present dose (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01), while Al/OBI was not. The two patients with the highest aluminium concentrations had symptomatic osteomalacia, but 4 patients with significantly raised concentrations and mineralisation front labelling had secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is concluded that bone aluminium deposition occurs despite the use of aluminium-free dialysate and is associated with total and present aluminium hydroxide consumption; heavy aluminium deposition is associated with severe and symptomatic osteomalacia, but can also be observed in the presence of predominant hyperparathyroidism; aluminium deposition can occur in the absence of treatment with dialysis or aluminium hydroxide; bone aluminium concentration and labelling intensity are a better measure of bone deposition than Al/OBI.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a basic study of Li recovery using high purity sodium aluminate solution as coprecipitating agent has been made, and the optimum pH values obtained were lower than those in the previous work by about one pH unit.
Abstract: Basic study of Li recovery using high purity sodium aluminate solution as coprecipitating agent has been made. Al concentration, pH and temperature greatly affect the Li recovery, and in this study the temperature was maintained constant (25 °C). For reference lithium solution, the optimum (initial) pH obtained increased with an increase in Al concentration. Optimum pH=11.0–12.5 for [Al]=50–1000 mg dm−3. The optimum pH values obtained were lower than those in the previous work by about one pH unit. The following relationship was found between the Al concentration CAl (mg dm−3) and the optimum pH; Opt. pHexp=8.23+1.5log CAl. Furthermore, these experimental pH values were in fair agreement with the pH values calculated from the solubility product of aluminium hydroxide, Ksp (HAlO2)=[H+][AlO2−]=10−13.2, i.e., pHcalcd=9.5+log CAl. Effects of coexistent ions on Li recovery were examined. Sodium and potassium ions did not interfere, while calcium, magnesium, and monosilicate ions did. However, the interference ...

Patent
14 Jul 1986
TL;DR: In this article, a process for the production of a ceramic polycrystalline abrasive by the sol/gel method is characterized in that an intermediate containing aluminium hydroxide is mixed, dried, calcined and sintered with a further intermediate having different degradation properties.
Abstract: A process for the production of a ceramic polycrystalline abrasive by the sol/gel method is characterized in that an intermediate containing aluminium hydroxide is mixed, dried, calcined and sintered with a further intermediate having different degradation properties. The further intermediate is expediently formed from a calcined aluminium hydroxide.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of organic complexing ligands and inorganic electrolytes on the sorption process of trivalent lanthanides was investigated and the mechanism of sorption was discussed.
Abstract: The sorption of microamounts of trivalent lanthanides (Ln3+) on freshly precipitated Al(OH)3 has been measured in dependence on pH and the time of sorption. Also, the influence of organic complexing ligands and inorganic electrolytes on the sorption process has been investigated. The mechanism of sorption is discussed. Freshly precipitated Al(OH)3 can be used for the preconcentration of microamounts of trivalent lanthanides. However, the preconcentration is not quantitative in the presence of high concentrations of complexing ligands (citrate and similar) which form strong complexes with Ln3+ ions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the ESR spectra of air-dried and fully-hydrated gels of aluminium hydroxide exchanged with Mn(II) are described, and the results substantiate the presence of two adsorbed species: (i) the free and bounding species which consists of an hydrated cation retaining almost unperturbed mobility compared with that of [Mn(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ in dilute aqueous solution; and (ii) the bound and free species which interacts directly with the surface sites and is subject to

Patent
17 Sep 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the process of water washing to remove soluble sodium oxide was used to obtain low-sodium 2-alumina of superfine grains, which is suitable for making various ceramic products for precision works.
Abstract: Modern industry requiries smaller and smaller crytal grains of alumina for makeing ceramic products to be used for precision works, and it is difficult to fulfill these requirements by using the usual method. In the method of this invention, alumina or aluminium hydroxide of industrial grade is used as raw material, by adding 0.03-0.4 percent of fluoride, with or without small amount of boron compound or chloride, and roasting it at 1200-1500 deg.C to transform the raw material to 2-alumina. The grain size of the alumina crystal will be about 1micron. Then, by a simple process of water washing to remove soluble sodium oxide the low-sodium 2-alumina of superfine grains are obtained. This alumina is suitable for making various ceramic products for precision works, and the process for its preparation is simple.

Patent
22 Feb 1986
TL;DR: In this article, flame resistant, thermoplastic polymer mixtures are described which contain two ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers having different vinyl acetates contents, an ethylene-propylene copolymer and an acrylate copolymmer.
Abstract: Flame-resistant, thermoplastic polymer mixtures are described which contain two ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers having different vinyl acetate contents, an ethylene-propylene copolymer and an acrylate copolymer. The flame resistance of the mixtures is effected by aluminium hydroxide as filler, which has a specific surface area of less than 10 m /g.


Journal Article
TL;DR: Al(OH)3 was able to counteract the damaging effect of the compounds mentioned and may be explained by the release of vasodilating prostaglandins into the submucosa and by the slight spasmolytic effect of aluminium that also contributes to the improvement of the mucosal blood supply.
Abstract: The effect of aluminium hydroxide on the development of gastric mucosal lesions induced by microcirculatory disturbances was investigated in the rat. Aluminium hydroxide dose-dependently inhibited the serotonin-induced gastric damages. Carbachol give subcutaneously intensified the development both of ethanol-produced gastric erosions and of indometacin-induced lesions. Al(OH)3 was able to counteract the damaging effect of the compounds mentioned. The gastroprotective effect of Al(OH)3 may be explained by the release of vasodilating prostaglandins into the submucosa; and by the slight spasmolytic effect of aluminium that also contributes to the improvement of the mucosal blood supply.

Patent
30 Jul 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the gallium and aluminium are precipitated as amorphous hydrate, and a gallium-rich solution is obtained by introducing slaked lime into the precipitate to remove alumina.
Abstract: The process consists in passing CO2 into the mother liquor remained after separation of aluminium hydroxide by carbonation dissociation treatment complete carbonation dissociation, gallium and aluminium are thus precipitated as amorphous hydrate. Separation of the precipitate removes most part of Na2O. Introducing slaked lime into the precipitate to remove alumina, a gallium-rich solution is produced. On passing CO2 into the solution again, a gallium-rich precipitate is obtained. Dissolving the gallium-rich precipitate with sodium hydroxide liquor and adding sodium sulfide to remove heavy metals, a solution containing 3-9 grams gallium per liter for electrolysis is obtained. This solution is electrolyzed in an electrolytic cell with stainless steel anode and cathode, gallium is deposited on the cathode. By treating with hydrochloric acid, gallium metal with a purity of 99.99-99.999% can be produced.

Patent
04 Jul 1986
TL;DR: In this article, an improvement to the process for the manufacture of porous and permeable inorganic membranes is described, which consists in depositing onto a porous and porous substrate a thin layer of a peptised gel containing at least aluminium hydroxide, in drying the membrane thus obtained and subjecting it to baking at a temperature of between 500 and 1100 DEG C.
Abstract: Improvements to the process for the manufacture of porous and permeable inorganic membranes as described in the main patent, which consists in depositing onto a porous and permeable substrate a thin layer of a peptised gel containing at least aluminium hydroxide, in drying the membrane thus obtained and subjecting it to baking at a temperature of between 500 and 1100 DEG C. According to this improvement the peptised gel is prepared by a process comprising a stage of precipitation of aluminium hydroxide and a stage of peptisation of the precipitate to convert it into colloidal particles, and energy is applied continuously, for example ultrasonic energy, to the reaction mixture during the stage of precipitation of aluminium hydroxide and/or during the peptisation stage.

Patent
14 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this process, magnesium sulphate in amounts of 0.05 to 20 g/l and calcium hydroxide in amount of 1 to 10g/l are stirred into the aluminate liquors formed in the Bayer process, after the separation of the red mud, giving the aluminium hydroxides as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In this process, magnesium sulphate in amounts of 0.05 to 20 g/l and calcium hydroxide in amounts of 1 to 10 g/l are stirred into the aluminate liquors formed in the Bayer process, after the separation of the red mud, giving the aluminium hydroxide.

Patent
02 Oct 1986
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provided gastric cytoprotective exogenously acidified aluminium hydroxide antacid compositions which are formed by acidifying, for example, commercial liquid antacid suspensions containing an aluminium base e.g., aluminum hydroxides, antacid powders or solids containing aluminium hyroxide.
Abstract: There are provided gastric cytoprotective exogenously acidified aluminium hydroxide antacid compositions which are formed by acidifying, for example, commercial liquid antacid suspensions containing an aluminium base e.g. aluminium hydroxide, antacid powders or solids containing aluminium hydroxide, or aluminium hydroxide gel, to the point where the aluminium hydroxide is solubilized. The solutions may be formulated into liquid dosage forms or spray dried and formulated into solid dosage forms.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the conditions of aluminium hydroxide precipitation on interfacial surface development was analyzed, and batch-scale experiments on active aluminium hydoxide (AAH) formation were conducted.
Abstract: Previously precipitated amorphous aluminium hydroxide with many surface groups and developed specific surface area, can be used for the removal of refractory substances from wastewaters. In this work, the influence of the conditions of aluminium hydroxide precipitation on interfacial surface development was analyzed, and batch-scale experiments on active aluminium hydroxide (AAH) formation were conducted. Aluminium hydroxide precipitates were produced by alkalization of aluminium sulfate solutions using sodium hydroxide. AAH precipitate was analyzed and it was found that the specific surface area is 800 m 2 /g Al 2 O 3 and the total exchange capacity is 8 meq/g Al 2 O 3 . During this study the removal efficiencies for refractory substances were compared for conventional coagulation process and for adsorptive removal on previously precipitated AAH. The results confirm the suitability of AAH for the removal contaminants from wastewater.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Zine aluminium hydroxides were coprecipitated from different mixed metal cation solutions, at CM tot = 0.1 M and at Zn/Al2 ratios from 1 to 4, with sodium hydroxide solution.
Abstract: Zine aluminium hydroxides were coprecipitated from different mixed metal cation solutions, at CM tot = 0.1 M and at Zn/Al2 ratios from 1 to 4, with sodium hydroxide solution. The coprecipitations were monitored by potentiometrie (pH) titration and the final coprecipitate compositions were examined by chemical analysis, infra-red spectrophotometry and thermal analysis. Generally, microcrystalline aluminium hydroxide was first precipitated at pH about 4; this then partially redissolved on further addition of sodium hydroxide (to form hydroxoaluminate anion) and zinc aluminium hydroxide coprecipitates were formed continuously at pHs from 5.5–6 to above 9. Their compositions were similar to the magnesium hydroxoaluminate coprecipitated from magnesium aluminium solutions. At Zn/Al2 ratio = 1, the main phase was probably Zn(H2O)n [Al(OH)4]2; at Zn/Al2 ratio = 2, the main phase was probably Zn2(H2O)n [Al2(OH)10], whereas at Zn/Al2 ratio = 4, the main phase was probably Zn(H2O)n(OH)4[Al2(OH)10].

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dialysis and dissolution dialysis rates of promethazine-HCl alone or in the presence of four commercial antacid suspensions and three commercial Antacid powders in either 0.1 HCl or distilled water, was studied at 37°C.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a basic study of Li recovery using high purity sodium aluminate solution as coprecipitating agent has been made, and the optimum pH values obtained were lower than those in the previous work by about one pH unit.
Abstract: Basic study of Li recovery using high purity sodium aluminate solution as coprecipitating agent has been made. Al concentration, pH and temperature greatly affect the Li recovery, and in this study the temperature was maintained constant (25 °C). For reference lithium solution, the optimum (initial) pH obtained increased with an increase in Al concentration. Optimum pH=11.0–12.5 for [Al]=50–1000 mg dm−3. The optimum pH values obtained were lower than those in the previous work by about one pH unit. The following relationship was found between the Al concentration CAl (mg dm−3) and the optimum pH; Opt. pHexp=8.23+1.5log CAl. Furthermore, these experimental pH values were in fair agreement with the pH values calculated from the solubility product of aluminium hydroxide, Ksp (HAlO2)=[H+][AlO2−]=10−13.2, i.e., pHcalcd=9.5+log CAl. Effects of coexistent ions on Li recovery were examined. Sodium and potassium ions did not interfere, while calcium, magnesium, and monosilicate ions did. However, the interference ...

Patent
17 Sep 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a new process for making sandy alumina, featuring a new carbonation decomposition and a seeding-stirring decomposition step, was presented, which enables one to obtain high strength sandy aluminium hydroxide from refined solution of sintering process.
Abstract: This invention presents a new process for making sandy alumina, featuring a new carbonation decomposition and a seeding-stirring decomposition step, which enables one to obtain high strength sandy aluminium hydroxide from refined solution of sintering process. This process consisting of three steps: preparing seeds by carbonation decomposition at 75-90 deg.C adding the seeds thus made at 65-85 deg.C for making sandy aluminium hydroxide through carbonation decomposition, and adding the sandy aluminium hydroxide made above as seeds to carry out stiring decomposition.


Patent
10 Dec 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, a process for preparing a drug using to cure the reflux esophagitis is described, which consists of magnesedin and antacid composition, such as magnesium carbonate and aluminium hydroxide.
Abstract: It provides a process for preparing a drug using to cure the reflux esophagitis The drug consists of magnesedin and antacid composition, such as magnesium carbonate and aluminium hydroxide