Showing papers on "Alveolar hydatid disease published in 2012"

Alveolar hydatid disease (Echinococcus multilocularis) in the liver of a Canadian dog in British Columbia, a newly endemic region.

Abstract: An adult dog that lived in central British Columbia was examined because of a history of lethargy and vomiting. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination of a hepatic mass confirmed the presence of an alveolar hydatid cyst, the first description of Echinococcus multilocularis in British Columbia. We provide recommendations for case management and remind practitioners in endemic areas of western Canada that dogs can serve as definitive and, rarely, intermediate hosts for E. multilocularis.

A review of the current status of Echinococcus and hydatid disease,with notes on some informative achievements in China

Abstract: There are seven Echinococcus pathogens of hydatid disease reported from the world,and five species are found in China.Among them,E.shiquicus,collected from eastern Tibetan plateau in Sichuan Province of China,is described as a new species by Xiao et al(2005).Its adult worm is the smallest one in Echinococcus spp.The majority of them contain a single immature proglottid and a single gravid proglottid,lacking mature proglottid.The Tibetan fox,Vulpes ferrilata,is confirmed as the final host of E.shiquicus,and the plateau pika,Ochotona curzoniae,serves as the intermediate host.In the host liver,the metacestode develops into unilocular hydatid cyst,with no daughter cyst.Domestic dog and human are not found to be infected with either adult or metacestode so far.E.granulosus is recognized with two forms on the basis of differences in host-specify.The Northern Form of E.granulosus distributes in the holarctic zone of tundra and boreal forest or Taiga.Its natural cycle is perpetuated by the predator-prey relationship existing between wolf and large deer.The Domestic Form(European Form) of E.granulosus reveals nearly cosmopolitan distribution,and its life cycle involves both domestic dog and ungulates as final and intermediate host respectively.The latter form appears to be the most important pathogen of hydatid disease in the world.In China,the unilocular dydatid disease pathogen belongs to the Domestic Form,but there probably exist complex infection with the Northern Form in some pasture lands at Northwest China.E.multilocularis or multilocular(alveolar) hydatid cyst is recognized as an important pathogen of zoonoses in the world.This cestode-pathogen distributes throughout the holarctic zone of tundra,involving Europe,Siberia,Northern Japan,subarctic islands and North America.The typical life cycle involves foxes and rodents.According to the published data from local hospitals or institutes of parasitic disease in China,during 1965-2008,more than 1 000 human AHD(alveolar hydatid disease)cases have been reported in 12 provinces or autonomous regions,including 70-odd districts or cities.About 11 species of carnivorous animals are recorded as natural final hosts in the world,including 5 species from China.Especially,the Tibetan fox,Vulpes ferrilata,is confirmed to be a new final host record from the world.At least 9 families,26 genera and 46 species of rodents are recorded as intermediate hosts from the world(Rausch,1986;Vuitton et al.,2003).In China,8 families,13 genera and 17 species of mammals are reported as natural intermediate hosts,in which yak 8.6%(66/766),sheep 7.5%(3/40) and pig 3.1%(1/32) are infected with AHD in Shiqu County,the plateau region of western Sichuan Province(Qiu et al,1995).In addition,the viewpoint that large domestic ungulate animals can be infected with alveolar hydatid disease is criticized by some authoritative parasitologists,who regard it to be confused with polycystic infection of E.granulosus(Rausch,1967,1986).The evidences for such problem require further observations or animal examinations in the future. After Vogel(1957) suggested E.sibiricensis as a geographic subspecies of high-latitude form,three subspecies,such as ①E.m.multilocularis Leuckard,②E.m.sibiricensis Rausch et schiller and ③E.m.kazakhensis Shul'ts,are recognized by Rausch(1967,1968),but the problem of multilo-echinococcid subspecificity remains in abeyance up to now.Following a series of studies on the etiology,epidemiology and developmental life cycle examinations,Tang et al(1988-2007) discriminate that the three subspecies of E.multilocularis from Inner Mongolia appear to have their distinct characteristics of uterus in gravid proglottid and of metacestode development in rodent host.Based on the excellent research achievements,they demonstrate that the three subspecies are valid species respectively.Namely,both E.m.multilocularis and E.m.sibiricensis need to recover their original scientific names: E.multilocularis and E.sibiricensis.Besides,a new species of Echinococcus,in stead of the Russian form E.m.kazakhensis,is described,which has a spherical uterus in the gravid proglottid.Its metacestode obtained from naturally and artificially infected rodents develops like polycystic hydatid cyst,with large alveolar vesicles and brood capsules,and the protoscolexes are produced from both germinal layer and reticular meshes in the alveolar cysts.Nevertheless,the metacestode in experimentally infected lambs cannot develop.In memory of the late Russian parasitologist,who first discovered this type of morphologic characteristics of Echinococcus adult worm from Kazakhstan,Tang et al(2007)designate it E.russicensis sp.nov.

Echinococcus Alveolaris: Presenting as a Cerebral Metastasis Serebral Metastaz Şeklinde Ortaya Çikan Ekinokokus Alveolaris

Abstract: Echinococcus multilocularis (EM) is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm. The main endemic regions for human alveolar echinococcosis are Central Europe, Russia, Turkey, Japan, China, Eastern France, North America. EM is an endemic disease in Turkey and especially common in the eastern Anatolia Region as seen in our case. The liver is the primary focus of the disease, cerebral localization is rare. Cerebral hydatid disease is approximately 5% of alveolar hydatid cases and generally considered to be fatal. Surgical treatment should be considerd whenever possible. We present a case of cerebral alveolar hydatid disease that was thought to be cerebral metastasis.