Showing papers on "Alveolar hydatid disease published in 2016"

Hepatic Alveolar Hydatid Cyst: A Brief Review of Published Cases from Iran in the Last 20 Years.

Abstract: Context Echinococcus multilocularis is the cause of alveolar hydatid disease, which most commonly involves the liver in more than 90% of cases. This disease is endemic in northern Iran. However, there are very few published cases from Iran. In this article, we will review all of the published cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis from Iran regarding all aspects, including clinical, paraclinical, and treatment protocols. Evidence acquisition In this brief review, the published cases of hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis (AE) from Iran were retrieved for review via a search in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, IranMedex, scientific information database (SID), Magiran, and Irandoc (1995 - 2015) using the keywords Echinococcus multilocularis and Iran, Alveolar hydatid cyst and Iran, liver and Alveolar hydatid cyst and Iran, and Hepatic alveolar hydatid cyst and Iran. The following inclusion criteria were employed: 1, articles must be written in English or Farsi; 2, articles must have been published between 1995 and 2015; 3) cases must have been confirmed by pathological diagnosis. Results There were 24 published cases of liver-involved alveolar hydatid cyst from Iran. The disease was more common in young- to middle-aged women in northeast Iran. The most common presenting signs and symptoms were abdominal pain with hepatomegaly and liver mass. Most of the patients were treated by surgery and albendazole. The few unresectable liver masses were treated by medical therapy. No liver transplantation for this disease was reported from Iran. Conclusions Hepatic alveolar hydatid cyst should be considered one of the important differential diagnoses of liver masses, especially in endemic areas of the world.

A Case of Alveolar Echinococcosis Presenting as Cerebral and Spinal Intradural Metastases.

Abstract: Alveolar echinococcosis is a chronic and serious, even lethal, parasitic infection caused by the helminth Echinococcus multilocularis. The involvement of Central Nervous System is reported to be 1-3% in literature. Brain involvement is considered a sign of the terminal phase of alveolar echinococcosis. We here in reported a 67-year-old female who had liver alveolar hydatid disease with brain and spinal intradural metastases.

Difficulties in the diagnosis and management of alveolar hydatid disease: A case series.

Abstract: Larval alveolar echinococcosis (AE) also known as alveolar colloid of the liver, is caused by a rodent cestode (Echinococcus multilocularis). Alveolar hydatid disease is a less common disease which is mostly seen in countries with larger reservoirs of hosts (foxes, dogs and wolves) such as Antarctica and Arctic region (1). Biological behavior of larval Echinococcus multilocularis in human is similar to a malignant tumor that is determined by growth of damaging tissues and metastasis to distant organs. The disease has a high mortality rate (more than 90 % within 10 years and virtually 100 % within 15 years of the onset of symptoms) in untreated cases (2). This larva differs from E. granulosus in cystic echinococcosis of the liver. The growth and proliferation of this larva is similar to a slow-growing tumor of the liver and can damage liver function. Sometimes, it is difficult to differentiate it from liver cancer because of invasion to biliary and vascular tissue of the liver. Early diagnosis and radical surgery provide the best chance for definitive treatment and cure (3). Although treatment of AE is less effective than treatment of cystic echinococcus, still the general approach to its treatment remains to be surgery with the purpose of complete resection of infected parts of involved organs. Also, liver transplantation can be a lifesaving approach in patients who are at risk of death (4). According to our review of literature, alveolar echinococcosis had been reported in Iran as sporadic, (5) but in the past two decades, we detected an endemic area in Chenaran (Khorasan Razavi, Iran) with a population of 108,533 in 26,937 families (6). The aim of this study was to describe the clinical aspects and treatment results in patients with alveolar echinococcosis.

Liver Resection in Hepatic Hydatid Disease

Abstract: Hepatic hydatid disease is also called echinococcosis of the liver. It is a kind of parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with the larva of echinococcus in the visceral organs of human beings and other animals. After infection with echinococcus has occurred, the larva of echinococcus can parasitize many organs in the body. The liver is the most commonly affected organ and accounts for approximately 70 % of cases, followed by the lung, which accounts for 20 % of cases. It can be also observed in other organs, such as the brain, heart, kidney, orbit, and bone marrow cavity, which accounts for approximately 10 % [1]. Hepatic hydatid disease has been reported all around the world, and the prevalence is more severe in pastoral areas. Most of the locations where hydatid disease is prevalent are pastoral areas where economic conditions and medical conditions are very poor, and most patients are herdsmen who have no ability to afford hospitalization costs. Therefore, hepatic hydatid disease has become a severe public health problem in epidemic areas. Over the past few years, the thriving development of immigration and tourism has caused a high level of migratory movement, which has resulted in reports of hepatic hydatid disease in many non-epidemic areas [2, 3]. For this reason, the disease is becoming a global public health problem [4, 5]. Sixteen species and 13 subspecies of echinococcus have been found so far, but only five of them have important clinical significance: Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Echinococcus oligarthrus, Echinococcus vogeli, and Echinococcus shiquicus, which were recently discovered in Shi Qu County of Sichuan Province [6]. Among them, E. granulosus is the most commonly reported all around the world. Infection with E. granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis, which is most commonly found in a clinical environment. E. multilocularis is rarely reported worldwide, but the incidence is very high in the Ganzi prefecture of Sichuan Province. Alveolar echinococcosis caused by E. multilocularis develops like a malignant tumor. It is a type of highly pathogenic disease that leads to high mortality, which has important clinical significance. This chapter focuses on these two kinds of echinococcosis.