Topic
Alveolar hydatid disease
About: Alveolar hydatid disease is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 171 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2993 citations. The topic is also known as: AHD & alveolar colloid of the liver.
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01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: It is emphasized that alveolar hydatid disease of the liver, which may be confused with hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical and radiological aspects, must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of intrahepatic solid lesions.
Abstract: We report a 51-year-old male patient from the city of Agr› presenting with eosinophilia, increased polyclonal gamma globulin levels, a mass involving most of the liver and with local invasion of right adrenal gland and right kidney, and metastatic lesions in both lungs. The diagnosis of alveolar hydatid disease, associated with a mass in the liver with characteristic calcifications demonstrated by CT, was confirmed by the histopathological examination of the percutaneous liver biopsy specimen and by positive serological findings. With this case report, we emphasize that alveolar hydatid disease of the liver, which may be confused with hepatocellular carcinoma in clinical and radiological aspects, must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of intrahepatic solid lesions. This distinction has gained further importance in the light of data indicating that this infestation is encountered endemically in the regions of east and northeast Anatolia in Turkey.
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: Hydatid Disease which is also referred to Echinococcosis or echinococcal disease, is a parasitic disease that affects both humans and other mammals, such as sheep, dogs, rodents and horses and remains a clinical problem worldwide.
Abstract: Hydatid Disease which is also referred to Echinococcosis or echinococcal disease, is a parasitic disease that affects both humans and other mammals, such as sheep, dogs, rodents and horses [1]. Hydatid disease remains a clinical problem worldwide, especially in areas where animal husbandry and subsistence farming form an integral part of community life [2]. The liver is the most commonly involved organ (52-77%) [3], but hydatid disease may affect any part of the body either as a primary or secondary event [2]. There are four forms of hydatid disease. Echinococcus granulosus (EG) is the most common and gives rise to cystic hydatid disease (CHD). Echinococcus multilocularis is uncommon and causes alveolar hydatid disease (AHD), which is far more aggressive and frequently mimics malignancy [4]. The rarest clinical form is Echinococcus vogeli or polycystic hydatid disease (PHD), with characteristics between CHD and AHD [5]. Echinococcus shiquicus, has been identified on the Tibetan plateau but to date no human infection has been described. CHD is a zoonosis infecting a variety of domestic and wild animals. There is no host specificity for the larval stage of EG, but the commonest intermediate hosts are sheep, cattle, buffalo, camels and pigs [6]. The developing hydatid cyst has three layers. The outer pericyst is composed of host fibroblasts, eosinophils, giant cells and modified hepatocytes. The middle laminated membrane is a cellular and impermeable to bacteria, and the innermost layer, the germinal layer or brood capsule, is translucent and is the origin of scolices and daughter cysts within the primary cyst [4]. The cyst usually contains crystalclear fluid which is strongly antigenic and may cause anaphylaxis if released into the circulation of the host. Most cysts remain silent when small and present only when complications such as rupture into the biliary tree, bacterial superinfection or free intra-abdominal rupture occur. Owing to the lack of symptoms in the early stages, the actual accurate assessment of the growth rate of these cysts is difficult [2].
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: Surgery is the only viable treatment for alveolar hydatid disease and advances in management have been made with the use of newer anthelminthic and application of percutaneous aspiration in selected patients.
Abstract: The mainstay of treatment of hepatic hydatid disease is surgery and is presently the only viable treatment for alveolar hydatid disease (Arif et al. 2008). Even today, controversy exists as to the extent of operation performed. Advances in management have been made with the use of newer anthelminthic and application of percutaneous aspiration in selected patients.
TL;DR: Man also serves as an intermediate host for this parasite, and the normal habitat for the adult stage of the tapeworm, E. granulosus, is the small intestine of the dog.
Abstract: HYDATID DISEASE in man is caused by the larval form of 2 small tapeworms, Echinococcus granulosas and Echinococcus multilocularis . Through the investigations of Rausch and Vogel it is now known that E. granulosus is the cause of unilocular and osseous hydatid disease while E. multilocularis causes alveolar hydatid disease. Normally, in the domestic cycle of E. granulosus cattle , sheep, and swine are the intermediate hosts, and the definitive host is usually the dog. Man also serves as an intermediate host for this parasite. The normal habitat for the adult stage of the tapeworm, E. granulosus , is the small intestine of the dog. Eggs passed in the feces and ingested by almost any mammal, including man, hatch in the duodenum, penetrate the intestinal wall, enter venules, and are carried to the liver, while others may pass to the lungs and other organs of the body. Dew found that 76.6% of human
TL;DR: Alveolar hydatid is a rare disease with atypical (unfamiliar) and nonspecific clinical features and atypICAL radiological features, hence a high index of suspicion is needed along with supplementary imaging studies for timely intervention to prevent further complications arising from the disease.
Abstract: Background: Although a rare entity, alveolar hydatid disease is associated with significant morbidity. This disease presents a diagnostic challenge because of its low prevalence, unfamiliarity and nonspecific presentation. Aim: To look about the clinical profile, diagnosis and management of these patients.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the department of surgery at SMHS (Shri Maharaja Harisingh) hospital. All patients with a diagnosis of alveolar hydatid disease of liver during this time period were enrolled in the study.Results: Eight patients in our study were females and 5 patients were males. The age ranged from 21 to 56 years with mean age of 42.07±8.88 years (SD =8.88). The most common presentation in our study was pain abdomen (38%). The most common finding on physical examination was hepatomegaly (30.76%). CT (computerized tomography) scan abdomen gave an impression of alveolar hydatid disease in 5 patients, a suspicion of malignancy in 3 patients and tuberculosis in one patient, and a possibility of liver abscess in one patient. Results of tru cut biopsy were suggestive of alveolar hydatid disease in 4 out of 6 patients. Twelve patients were operated on elective basis (liver radical resection in 8 patients, while “laparotomy and only tumor biopsy” in 4 unresectable patients) and one patient on emergency basis, and all were subjected to histopathological examination. ABZ (albendazole) was given orally at a dosage of 10-15 mg/kg per day.Conclusions: Alveolar hydatid is a rare disease with atypical (unfamiliar) and nonspecific clinical features and atypical radiological features. Also, the disease is associated with significant morbidity, hence a high index of suspicion is needed along with supplementary imaging studies for timely intervention to prevent further complications arising from the disease.