Ammonia

About: Ammonia is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16217 publications have been published within this topic receiving 271940 citations. The topic is also known as: NH3 & azane.

Determination of ammonium in soil extracts and water samples by an ammonia electrode

Abstract: Interference and recovery tests reported indicate that the Orion ammonia electrode can be used satisfactorily for determination of ammonium in soil extracts and water samples. The electrode method of analysis described is rapid, simple, and precise, and its results agree closely with those obtained by a distillation‐titration method of determining ammonium in soil extracts and water samples.

Supercritical water oxidation for the destruction of municipal excess sludge and alcohol distillery wastewater of molasses

Abstract: Supercritical water oxidation has been focused as an environmentally attractive technology where organic materials are oxidized to carbon dioxide, water, and N2. We have applied the supercritical water oxidation to municipal excess sludge and alcohol distillery wastewater of molasses. The reaction was carried out in a batch reactor or a flow reactor with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant in the temperature range 473–873 K. The liquid phase products were colorless and odorless. The reaction products were analyzed in terms of total organic carbon (TOC), organic acids, and ammonium ion. TOC decreased with temperature and the oxidant amount. Acetic acid and ammonia were detected as major refractory intermediates in the product. When more than stoichiometric demand of oxidant was used, organic carbon in liquid phase was almost completely destroyed. Complete destruction of ammonia produced in the reaction required higher temperature than that of acetic acid. A tube-type flow reactor (1/8 in×1.7 m) was constructed for the continuous treatment of wastes. The sludge was destroyed efficiently in the flow reactor.

Self-Supplied Ammonium Bicarbonate Draw Solute for Achieving Wastewater Treatment and Recovery in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell-Forward Osmosis-Coupled System

Abstract: This study has presented a proof-of-concept system for the self-sustained supply of ammonium-based draw solute for wastewater treatment through coupling a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and forward osmosis (FO). The MEC produced an ammonium bicarbonate draw solute via recovering ammonia from a synthetic organic solution, which was then applied in the FO for extracting water from the MEC anode effluent. The recovered ammonium could reach a concentration of 0.86 mol L–1, and with this draw solution, the FO extracted 50.1 ± 1.7% of the MEC anode effluent. The lost ammonium during heat regeneration could be supplemented with additional recovered ammonium in the MEC. The MEC achieved continuing treatment of both organic and ammonium in the returned feed solution mixed with fresh anolyte, although at lower efficiency compared to that with completely fresh anolyte. These results encourage further investigation to optimize the coordination between MEC and FO with improved performance.

Infrared Spectra of Ammonia Suspended in Solid Nitrogen

Abstract: Matrix isolation studies of the infrared spectra of ammonia suspended in solid nitrogen at 20°K are presented. Variation of the mole ratio of nitrogen to ammonia shows that monomeric NH3 in solid nitrogen absorbs at 3440, 3332, 1620–1632, 1143, and 970 cm—1. A large enhancement of ν3, 3440 cm—1, occurs relative to ν1, 3332 cm—1, just as observed for the pure solid. The totally symmetric vibrations ν1 and ν2 are relatively sharp (half‐widths are 1 and 1.5 cm—1, respectively). The umbrella mode ν2 shows no evidence of inversion nor of free rotation. The band at 1143 cm—1 is ascribed to ν2 in combination with librational movement about the B axes. The constraints to movement within the nitrogen matrix cage seem to be larger than those reported for inert‐gas matrices.Some results on the hydrogen bonding in dimeric and polymeric ammonia are reported. The dimer absorbs at 3404, 1004.5, 987 cm—1 and possibly as well at 3313, 3246 and 3237 cm—1.