Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1967"

Foamed detergent composition

Abstract: Highly alkaline detergents for foam cleaning contain, as the foaming additive, sodium salts of fatty acid sulfonates, amine oxides, amido alkyl amine oxides, substitution derivative of imidazoline alkanoic quaternary ammonium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.

Recovery of lysine from fermentative broths

Abstract: PURE LYSINE IS RECOVERED IN THE FORM OF ITS MONOHYDROCHLORIDE FROM FERMENTATION BROTHS ALSO CONTAINING NETUTRAL AMINO ACIDS AND INORGANIC CATIONS BY PASSING THE BROTH AT ABOUT PH 2.0 OVER A STRONGLY ACIDIC CATION EXCHANGE RESIN OF THE NH4+ TYPE, ELUTING THE LYSINE WITH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION, AND CRYSTALLIZING THE LYSINE AS AN ACID SALT FROM THE PARTLY EVAPORATED AND ACIDIFIED ELUATE. THE RESIN IS REGENERATED BY THE ELUENT AND READY TO RETURN TO THE PROCESS AFTER ELUTION.

Ammonium hydroxide containing wax stripper

Abstract: A NOVEL WAX STRIPPING COMPOSITION IS PROVIDED CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE IN AN AQUEOUS ALKALINE SOLUTION, HAVING A PH OF AT LEAST 12, IN EFFECTIVE PROPORTIONS GENERALLY COMPRISING AT LEAST 0.01% BY WEIGHT OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM HYDOXIDE. THE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE MAY BE GENERATED IN SITU IN THE SOLUTION BY ADDITION OF AN HYDROXYL ION DONOR COMPOUND SUCH AS AN ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE OR TERTIARY AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AND A WATER SOLUBLE, CATIONIC, ALKYL SUBSTITUTED QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT.

Catalyst Manufacture by Controlled Calcination

Abstract: 1,189,850. Hydrocarbon conversion catalysts. SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ N. V. Dec. 24, 1968 [Dec. 29, 1967], No.59244/67. Heading B1E. Catalysts are made by subjecting a metal loaded "ammonium" zeolite, which has been manufactured by contacting zeolitic material with a n monia and/or ammonium ions and which has been composited with one or more hydrogenative metals, to a controlled oxidative calcination employing oxygen or oxygencontaining gas, the controlled calcination comprising heating at above 200‹ C. to remove ammonia and thereafter heating at a higher temperature. The zeolite may be mordenite and the hydrogenative metals may be Pt or Pd. In addition to NH 4 + "ammonium" means H 2 N.NH 2 , H2 N. OH, N-alkyl ammonium compounds e.g. tetra-methyl or ethyl ammonium hydroxide. Additionally the catalysts may contain a conventional clay and the products may be shaped into cylindrical particles.

Rendering fabrics water-repellent

Abstract: A dispersion is formed by mixing: a first phase comprising water, 2-10% wt. of a dispersion stabilizer, and 0.2-2% wt. of an alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide; and a second phase comprising 20-60% wt. of a resin which is polymerized vinyl or vinylidene chloride or their copolymer or a mixture of these, 2-20% wt. of hydrophobic organic acid, and 10-65% wt. of a plasticizer. The dispersion may be used to waterproof fabrics which are impregnated with it and with a metallic salt, the metal ion forming a substantially insoluble complex with the acid, followed by curing. In actual examples dispersion ingredients are: first phase-casein, gelatine, caustic soda, caustic potash, also pigments; second phase-a proprietary polyvinyl chloride paste, naphthenic acid, stearic acid, dioctyl phthalate, a chlorinated paraffin, chlorinated diphenyl, trichloroethylene, white spirit, tricresyl phosphate, pentachlorophenol laurate (not inhibiting), antimony trioxide (flame retardant); phenyl salicylate (against light degradation) is also mentioned.ALSO:A textile material is treated with a dispersion made by mixing a first phase comprising water, 2-10% wt. of a dispersion stabiliser, and 0.2-2% wt. of alkali metal or ammonium hydroxide and a second phase comprising 20-60% wt. of a resin which is polymerized vinyl or vinylidene chloride or a copolymer thereof or a mixture of these, 2-20% wt. of hydrophobic organic acid, and 10-65% wt. of a plasticizer before or after treatment with a solution of a metallic salt, the metal ion forming with the acid a substantially insoluble complex, followed by heat-curing. The textile material may be in the form of filaments, fibres, yarn or woven material. In Examples, cotton duck is treated with polyvinyl chloride based dispersions, the acid being naphthenic or stearic and the salt being aluminium formate. Other ingredients include pentachlorophenol laurate (rot-inhibiting) and antimony trioxide (flame proofing).

Precipitation chromatography on strontium chromate paper

Abstract: Precipitation chromatography of various cations on strontium chromate impregnated paper is performed. Some good separations are reported with strontium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide developers. Silver, mercury and lead ions can also be determined quantitatively.

Room temperature electroless nickel plating bath

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR DEPOSITING NICKEL ONTO A SUBSTRATE FROM A ROOM TEMPERATURE ELECTROLESS PLATING BATH; THE BATH INITIALLY INCLUDES (I) A NICKEL SALT, (II) SODIUM HYPOPHOSPHITE, (III) SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, AND (IV) AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE. THE CONCENTRATION OF AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE IS CHOSEN SO AS TO ADJUST THE PH OF THE BATH TO AN INITIAL VALUE (BETWEEN 9.0 AND 11.5) CORRESPONDING TO THE DESIRED PLATING RATE. A STRONG BASE SUCH AS SODIUM HYDROXIDE IS THEN ADDED TO INCREASE THE PH OF THE BATH ABOVE THE INITIAL VALUE WITHOUT SUBSTANTIALLY AFFECTING THE PLATING RATE. IN USE, THE PH OF THE BATH DECREASES, BUT THE PLATING RATE REMAINS RELATIVELY UNAFFECTED SO LONG AS THE PH DOES NOT DROP BELOW THE INITIAL VALUE SET BY THE AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE. THIS PERMITS WIDER TOLERANCES IN PH CONTROL OF THE BATH AND ALLEVIATES THE NEED FOR ADDING AN ACCURATELY CONTROLLED AMOUNT OF HYDROXYL ION WHEN THE BATH IS REGENERATED.

The Nickel Cyanide-Ammonia Complexes

Abstract: The nickel cyanide-ammonia employed as a host in the preparation of nickel cyanideammonia clathrates can be prepared from nickel sulphate, potassium cyanide, and ammonium hydroxide. The preparation of three nickel cyanide ammonia complexes is described.

Treatment of synthetic polyester fibrous materials and films

Abstract: Fibrous materials composed of a synthetic hydrophobic polyester are rendered antistatic and stiffened and are given a modified handle, reduced tendency to soil, improved moisture absorbency and a greater affinity for cellulose substantive agents such as p dyestuffs and optical brightening agents by applying thereto from an aqueous medium a natural polymeric substance or a derivative thereof having at least one reactive hydrogen atom in each molecule and an alkaline reacting substance in the absence of a mono-or di-halogeno-1:3: 5-triazine and then heating them The natural polymeric substance or derivative thereof may be alginic acid, sodium alginate, gelatin, casein, starch, a starch dextrin, hydroxypropyl starch, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, tannic acid or deacetylated chitin, and the alkaline reacting substance may be an alkali metal bicarbonate, carbonate, sesquicarbonate, phosphate, hydroxide, quaternary ammonium hydroxide or a mixture thereof As a result of the treatment the fibrous materials may gain in weight by 001 - 5% The polymeric substance and alkaline reacting substance may be applied to the fibrous materials together or separately and after treatment the fibrous materials may be dried and heated to 50 DEG - 230 DEG C for from 1 second up to 60 minutes Filaments, fibres, rovings, yarns, non-woven webs and woven and knitted fabrics made from polyethylene terephthalate may be treatedALSO:Fibrous materials and films composed of a synthetic hydrophobic polyester are rendered antistatic and stiffened and are given a modified handle, reduced tendency to soil, improved moisture absorbency and a greater affinity for cellulose substantive agents such as dyestuffs and optical brightening agents by applying thereto from an aqueous medium a natural polymeric substance or derivative thereof having at least one reactive hydrogen atom in each molecule and an alkaline reacting substance in the absence of amone-or di-halogeno-1:3:5-triazine and then heating them The natural polymeric substance or derivative thereof may be algeinic acid, sodium alginate, gelatin, casein, starch, a starch dextrin, hydroxypropyl starch, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, tannic acid or deacetylated chitin and the alkaline reacting substance may be an alkali metal bicarbonate, carbonate, sesquicarbonate phosphate, hydroxide, quarternary ammonium hydroxide or a mixture thereof As a result of the treatment fibrous materials may gain in weight by 001-5% and films by 005-05% by weight The polymeric substance and alkaline reacting substance may be applied to the fibrous materials or films together or separately and after treatment the fibrous materials or films may be dried and heated to 50 DEG -230 DEG C for from 1 second up to 60 minutes Nonwoven webs and woven and knitted fabrics made from polyethylene terephthalate may be treated

Water soluble cationic thermosetting resin

Abstract: An aqueous solution of a cationic thermosetting resin having a pH of 3.4 to 3.6 is obtained by reacting equimolar proportions of diethylene triamine and adipic acid to form (a) a water-soluble polyamide which is then reacted in aqueous solution with (b) epichlorohydrin and (c) ammonium hydroxide in a molar ratio (a): (b): (c) of 1: 0.5: 2.5. In the example the course of reaction is controlled by measuring the rate of viscosity increase which is reduced by lowering the temperature or increased by adding NaOH. When the Gardner-Holdt viscosity is between BBC and BC formic acid is added and the mixture rapidly cooled. It the pH is not as specified it is adjusted with formic acid. The solution may be used to impart wet-strength to paper.ALSO:An aqueous solution of a cationic thermosetting resin having a pH of 3.4 to 3.6 and obtained by reacting in aqueous solution in the molar ratio 1:0.5:2.5 (a) a water-soluble polyamide prepared from equimolar amounts of diethylene triamine and adipic acid, (b) epichlorohydrin and (c) ammonium hydroxide (see Division C3) is used under acid or alkaline conditions in the production of wet-strengthened paper.

Pigment conditioning treatment

Abstract: Pigments are treated to improve their texture and dispersibility by adding to an aqueous slurry of the acid-free pigment cake an alkali metal or ammonium soap of an aliphatic mono or dicarboxylic C8-C25 acid in an alkaline medium having a pH at least 8 until the critical Micelle level is reached or just exceeded, and separating and washing free from alkali the resultant pigment preparation. The pigment slurry may be at 50-85 DEG C. The soap may be used in the proportion 3-15% by weight based on the dry pigment and in the form of an aqueous sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxide solution containing 5-8% by weight soap, preferably with a pH 9.5-11.0. Suitable carboxylic acids are caprylic, pelargonic, capric, lauric, palmitic, stearic, behenic, linoleic, linolenic, mixtures thereof, suberic, azelaic sebacic, dodecanedioic, hexadecanedioic, octadecanedioic, docosanedioic or, preferably, oleic acid. The pigment, which may constitute 1-20% by weight of the aqueous slurry, may be carbon black, titanium dioxide, an azo pigment or lake, a quinacridone, an anthraquinone, an indigo or, particularly, a , or the acid-unstable b , phthalocyanine blues or greens. The treated pigments find application in paints and lithographic inks.ALSO:Pigments, e.g. carbon black or TiO2, are treated to improve their texture and dispersibility by adding to an aqueous slurry of the acid-free pigment cake an alkali metal or ammonium soap of an aliphatic mono- or di-carboxylic C8-C25 acid in an alkaline medium having a pH at least 8, until the critical Micelle Level is reached or just exceeded, and separating a washing free from alkali the resultant pigment preparation. The soap may be used in the proportion 3-15% by weight of the dry pigment in the form of a sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxide solution containing 5-8% by weight soap, preferably with a pH 9.5-11.0. Many acids are specified, oleic being preferred. The pigment may constitute 1-20% by weight of the aqueous slurry.

Improvements in and relating to the production of metal-metal oxide alloys or compositions

Abstract: A method for making a metal-metal oxide composition comprises treating a mixed solution of compounds of the metals (at least one of which forms an unstable oxide and at least one of which does not) with a solution of alkali metal or ammonium hydroxide or carbonate to cause co-precipitation of the hydroxides and or carbonates, reducing the unstable oxide-forming metal compound with a solution of a reducing agent (e.g. hydrazine) and then treating the mixture to give the metal-metal oxide powder mixture. Alternatively the reducing agent may be included with the hydroxide and/or carbonate treating solution. The treatment of the reduced mixed precipitate may be heating at 450-750 DEG C. The original metal compounds may be nitrates, citrates, sulphates, oxalates or chlorides, the metal having the reducible oxide may be Ag, Cu or Ni and the other metal may be Cd, Sn, Pb, Mg, Si, Al or Be. The powder mixture may be sintered to form a coherent body.

Quaternary ammonium derivatives of benzonitriles and herbicidal compositions containing them

Abstract: The invention comprises quaternary ammonium derivatives of benzonitriles of the general formula in which X1 and X2 are the same or different and each represents a bromine or iodine atom, and R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and each represents a methyl or ethyl group Compounds claimed per se are the tetramethyl-ammonium salts of 3,5-dibromo and 3,5-diiodo - 4 - hydroxybenzonitrile The compounds may be prepared by reacting a soluble salt of a hydroxybenzonitrile of the general formula with a quaternary ammonium salt of formula wherein Y represents a suitable anion such as a chloride or bromide ion or by reacting a hydroxy benzonitrile of Formula 2 with a quaternary ammonium hydroxide of the formula ALSO:A herbicidal composition comprises as active ingredient at least one quaternary ammonium derivative of benzonitrile of the general formula: in which X1 and X2 are the same or different and each represents a bromine or iodine atom and R1R2R3R4 are the same or different and each represents a methyl or ethyl group in association with at least one compatible diluent and/or suitable surface active agent Many diluents and surface active agents are specified There may also be included a quaternary ammonium salt of known phenoxy alkanoic acid herbicides, eg a -(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid; a ,a -dichloropropionic butyric acid; 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy-acetic acid; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; a -(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-propionic acid; a -(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid; 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid; a -(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid; a ,a -dichloropropionic acid or trichloroacetic acid Specified active ingredients are the tetramethyl ammonium salts of 3,5-dibromo and 3,5-diiodo-4, hydroxy benzonitriles

Improvements relating to plating processes

Abstract: In an electroless process for depositing e.g. Ni-P, Co-P or Cu on a substrate of e.g. glass ceramic, N, Mo, Si or Ge in which the substrate is pretreated with a solution of palladium chloride, the substrate is first etched in a solution of hydrofluoric acid in an organic solvent e.g. acetone. The etching may take place simultaneously with the palladium chloride treatment. In an example a plating solution comprises (g./1.) sodium pyrophosphate 50, Nickel sulphate 25, sodium hypophosphite 25, and ammonium hydroxide to bring the pH to 10 to 11.

A Technique for Producing an Artificial Biological Membrane Suitable for Diffusion Studies

Abstract: A technique for investigating the diffusion properties of an artificial biological membrane, protein-lipid-protein, under static and dynamic conditions is discussed. Experimental data on the relative permeability of the membrane to manganous chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and ammonia in aqueous solutions are presented. The results indicate that manganous chloride and ammonium hydroxide diffuse through the membrane more rapidly than potassium chloride or sodium chloride, while the latter two species exhibit approximately the same overall mass transfer coefficients. It reveals the fact that such an artificial membrane is offering a degree of preferential selectivity which seems to be dependent on the electrical properties rather than on the molecular transfer coefficient of the diffusant. This characteristic is found in conformity with that of natural biological membranes.

Improvements in or relating to cation exchangers

Abstract: Hydrous titanium oxides are produced by reacting an alkali metal titanyl oxalate, e.g. potassium titanyl oxalate ((C2O4)2TiOK2.2H2O) with an aqueous solution of an alkali e.g. sodium or ammonium hydroxide. In a preferred method of preparation hydrous titanium dioxide is produced by reacting potassium titanyl oxalate with aqueous sodium hydroxide, the precipitate formed being washed, filtered off, dried in air and then introduced into distilled water, these steps being repeated until no further breakdown of the lumps of precipitate occurs. Oven drying may also be used. Cations scribed on to the material prepared as above may be eluted substantially quantitatively with mineral acid, e.g. hydrochloric acid. In an example the exchange material prepared as above is used to extract the cations of copper, cobalt, nickel, calcium, strontium, sodium, rubidium, caesium, ircu and chromium from 0.1 N aqueous salt solutions. The pH values of some salt solutions used are given: Cu 4.8, Co 3.2, Ni 3.5, Ca 12.5, Sr 12.8. The exchange material is stated to be operable at elevated temperatures, e.g. up to 400 DEG C., and in examples temperatures used are 25-60 DEG C. In two experiments the exchange material is heated to 200 DEG and 400 DEG C. before use. The exchange material may be used in columns.ALSO:An hydrous oxide of titanium is used in columns as a cation exchanger in the hydrogen form. Comparisons are made with zirconium and thorium hydroxides as exchangers.

Derivative of carnitinamide and process for preparing the same

Abstract: The novel d-camphorate salt of l-carnitinamide is prepared by fractional crystallization of an alcoholic solution of the d-camphorate of dl-carnitinamide, the desired compound being obtained as the first fraction to crystallize. The d-camphorate of dl-carnitinamide may be prepared by treating a dl-carnitinamide halide in an aqueous or alcoholic medium with silver d-camphorate, or by treating a dl-carnitinamide halide in an aqueous or alcoholic medium with silver hydroxide, and reacting the product with d-camphoric acid. Silver d-camphorate may be prepared by treating ammonium d-camphorate, obtained by reacting d-camphoric acid with ammonium hydroxide, with a water-soluble silver salt. l-Carnitinamide chloride is obtained by treating an ethanolic solution of the d-camphorate of l-carnitinamide with ether saturated with hydrogen chloride.