Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1970"

Colored nacreous pigments

Abstract: COLORED NACREOUS PIGMENTS ARE PROVIDED BASED ON MICA FLAKES COATED WITH TWO SUPERIMPOSED LAYERS, THE FIRST LAYER BEING TITANIUM AND/OR ZIRCONIUM OXIDE MIXED WITH ANOTHER METALLIC OXIDE, THE LATTER BEING PREFERABLY AN OXIDE HAVING AN INHERENT COLOR, E.G. IRON OXIDE. THE SECOND LAYER CONSISTS SOLELY OF TITANIUM AND/OR ZIRCONIUM OXIDE AND IS ABOUT TWICE AS THICK AS THE FIRST COATING. THE PIGMENTS ARE PRODUCED BY FEEDING INTO AN AQUEOUS SUSPENSION OF MICA FLAKES AT A SUBSTANTIALLY CONSTANT TEMPERATURE BETWEEN ABOUT 50 AND 100*C. AND AT A SUBSTANTIALLY CONSTANT PH BETWEEN 0.5 AND 5.0: (A) AN AQUEOUS METALLIC SALT SOLUTION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A TITANIUM SALT, A ZIRCONIUM SALT AND MIXTURES THEREOF, SAID MEMBER BEING IN A CONCENTRATION OF 0.01-4.0 MOL/LITER, SAID ANOTHER SALT OF A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF IRON, CHROMIUM, NICKEL, COBALT, ANTIMONY, ALUMINUM, SILICON, TIN, BISMUTH, AND A MIXTURES THEREOF, SAID OTHER SALTS BEING IN A TOTAL CONCENTRATION OF 0.02-1 MOL/LITER, SAID SOLUTION HAVING A CONTENT OF FREE ACID CORRESPONDING TO A MOLARITY OF 0.002-3; (B) AFTER THE FEEDING OF SOLUTION (A), FEEDING AN AQUEOUS, 0.01 TO 4 MOLAR MOLAR SOLUTION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ONLY A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF A TITANIUM SALT, A ZIRCONIUM SALT, AND MIXTURES THEREOF, SAID SOLUTION HAVING A CONTENT OF FREE ACID CORRESPONDING TO A MOLARITY OF 0.002-3; (C) SIMULATNEOUSLY WITH THE FEEDING OF BOTH (A) AND (B), PASSING INTO THE SUSPENSION AN AQUEOUS, 0.025TO 10-MOLAR BASIC SOLUTION OF A BASE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AN ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE, AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, OR AN EQUIVALENT AMOUNT OF GASEOUS AMMONIA; WITH THE PROVISIONS THAT: (D) THE AMOUNT OF SALT FED PER MINUTE IS APPROXIMATELY 0.01-25.10**-5 MOL PER M.2 OF MICA SURFACE, (E) THE THICKNESS OF THE METALLIC OXIDE LAYER PRECIPITATED BY SOLUTION (A) AMOUNTS TO ABOUT ONE-THIRD OF THE TOTAL COATING THICKNESS OF THE PRECIPITATED OXIDE LAYERS.

Process and composition for stripping cured resins from substrates

Abstract: Cured resins, such as silicones or polyvinyl cinnamate are stripped from substrates by exposure to a mixture of N-methyl-2pyrrolidone and a strong base, such as an alkyl or substituted alkyl ammonium hydroxide, to which may be added other compatible organic solvents such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether

Process and composition for dissolving copper oxide

Abstract: The present invention relates to dissolving copper oxide, whether cuprous or cupric oxide A polyamine selected from a group consisting of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine and tetraethylenepentamine is mixed with a compound selected from a second group consisting of salicyclic acid, metahydroxybenzoic acid, parahydroxybenzoic acid, a dihydroxybenzoic acid, 5-5''-methylenedisalicyclic acid, 3hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and salts thereof with an aliphatic polyamine of the first class and with ammonium hydroxide in an alkaline water solution or a salicylate of one of these amines can be used with ammonium hydroxide The composition can be used cold but will preferably be used in a temperature range between 150* F and the boiling temperature at the particular pressure

Process for producing ammonium diuranate

Abstract: A process for the recovery of uranium as ammonium diuranate from aqueous solutions having uranyl and fluoride ions such as produced by hydrolyzing UF6, and for reducing soluble uranium losses in the liquid waste stream, by forming a first neutralized solution of uranyl fluoride (UO2F2), with concentrated ammonium hydroxide, at a pH of about 4.5 to 6.0, and then by precipitating essentially all of the uranium, as ammonium diuranate, ((NH4)2U2O7), (ADU), from the solution by adding concentrated ammonium hydroxide under controlled conditions preventing formation of any soluble fluoride complexes that would otherwise be ordinarily formed during the precipitation of the ammonium diuranate, to produce an ADU slurry which is calcinable to UO2 having good ceramic pelletizing properties.

Two stage selective leaching of copper and nickel from complex ore

Abstract: COPPER AND NICKEL MAY BE SELECTIVELY LEACHED FROM A COMPLEX ORE CONTAINING MANGANESE, IRON, COPPER, NICKEL, COBALT AND MOLYBDENIM BY LEACHING A REDUCED ORE WITH A SOLUTION OF AN AMMONIUM SALT IN AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AT APPROXIMATELY ROOM TEMPERATURE TO REMOVE THE COPPER VALUES AND THEN LEACHING THE RESIDUE AT A HIGHER TEMPERATURE TO EXTRACT THE NICKEL.

Recovery of rhenium and molybdenum values from solution

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR RECOVERING RHENIUM AND MOLYBDENUM VALUES FROM SOLUTION COMPRISING: EXTRACTING THE SOLUBLE MOLYBDENUM AND RHENIUM VALUES WITH AN AMINE SOLVENT, STRIPPING THE VALUES FROM THE AMINE EXTRACT WITH AN AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION, PURIFYING THE STRIP SOLUTION OF COPPER, IRON, SILICON, PHOSPHOROUS, AND ARSENIC, CRYSTALLIZING THE MOLYBDENUM AS AMMONIUM TETRAMLYBDATE CONTAINING A MINIMUM OF RHENIUM AND OTHER IMPURITIES, AND CONCENTRATING AND RECOVERING THE RHENIUM FROM THE CRYSTALLIZATION MOTHER LIQUOR BY AMINE SOLVENT EXTRACTION, STRIPPING WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION, EXTRACTION INTO A PYDRIDINE SOLVENT, AND DISTILLATION OF THE PYRIDINE AWAY FROM A RHENIUM SALT.

Delignification and bleaching of cellulosic pulp containing protectorwith oxygen in the presence of alkali

Abstract: A METHOD OF DELIGGNIFYING AND BLEACHING A CHEMICAL OR SEMI-CHEMICAL CELLULOSIC PULP COMPRISING THE STEPS OF INTIMATELY ADMIXING A FLOCCULATING TYPE OF PROTECTOR WHICH TENDS TO PRODUCE COHERENT FLOC IN THE PRESENCE OF AN HYDROXIDE OTHER THAN AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, WITH PULP UNDER CONDITIONS WHICH ARE SUBSTANTIALLY FREE OF ANY HYDROXIDE OTHER THAN OPTIONALLY AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE. THE PROTECTOR COMPRISES UP TO 3% BY WEIGHT OF THE PULP ON A DRY BASIS. THE PROTECTOR-CONTAINING PULP IS SUBJECTED TO THE ACTION OF OXYGEN GAS IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ALKALINE MEDIUM AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SUPERATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. THE ALKALINE MEDIUM IS CONSTITUTED BY A SUBSTANCE, PREFERABLY SODIUM HYDROXIDE, OTHER THAN THE FLOCCULATING PROTECTOR WHICH MAY COMPRISES AT LEAST ONE SUBSTANCE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP COMPRISING MAGNESIUM OXIDE AND A MAGNESIUM SALT.

Process for metal plating of substrates

Abstract: Substrates, particularly plastics, are plated with metals by pretreatment of the substrate with phosphorus sesquisulfide in an organic solvent to deposit phosphorus sesquisulfide at the surface, followed by contacting the treated surface with a metal salt or complex thereof, to form a metal-phosphorus-sulfur compound and then with a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate or ammonium hydroxide or a nonoxidizing mineral acid. The resulting treated surface is either conductive or is capable of catalyzing the reduction of a metal salt to produce a conductive surface. Such conductive surfaces are readily electroplated by conventional techniques.

The reaction of activated vinyl compounds with cotton cellulose via internal catalysis

Abstract: The reactions of a variety of activated vinyl compounds with cotton cellulose fabric containing quaternary ammonium hydroxide substituents were explored. Each reaction, catalyzed by the basic groups in the cellulose, was followed to or near the point of leveling off. The results are analyzed and discussed in terms of accessibility of the cellulosic compositions and in terms of the efficiency of the quaternary ammonium substituents as catalysts for the addition reactions. Estimates of relative forward rate constants (kf) and equilibrium constants (K) for the reactions were made. The values of kf for reactions of the vinyl compounds with the quaternary ammonium celluloses show a relative order which is similar to that for the reactions of the vinyl compounds with simple alcohols. Evidence is presented to indicate that, in some cases, the addition of vinyl compounds is accompanied by anionic-catalyzed graft polymerization.

Acicular, stable magnetic iron particles

Abstract: Stable acicular iron particles are made by reducing an acicular ferric oxide to iron at a relatively low temperature. The reduced iron particles are rendered nonpyrophoric by treatment with ammonium hydroxide.

Polyester catalyst - prod. from hexagonal germanium dioxide, ammonium hydroxide and a diol, esp. ethylene glycol

Abstract: Polyester catalyst produced by the reaction of hexagonal GeO2 with a base, preferably NH4OH, and a diol, (preferably the diol on which the polyester is based such as ethylene glycol). Bases include OH, CO3 or HCO3 of alkali metals, eg. Mg(OH)2 or CO3, OH of alkaline earth, quaternary ammonium cpds; NH4OH used at half mol equiv. to GeO2; other diols are propane-1,2- or butane-1,2- or butane-2,3-diol. The reaction of GeO2 and base is carried out in an aqueous medium. 0.008 part NaOH dissolved in 0.010 part water and soln. added to 0.200 part ethylene glycol and 0.020 part crystalline GeO2. Mixture stirred at room temp. for 1 hr. when all GeO2 dissolved.

Variations in a Delayed-Curing Cotton Via Internal Catalysis of Reaction With Divinyl Sulfone

Abstract: Cotton cellulose fabrics containing quaternary ammonium hydroxide groups at three levels of substitution were prepared directly from reaction of print cloth with 3-chloro- 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride or with glycidyltrimethylammonium chlo ride. The reactions involved sodium hydroxide solutions of mecerizing strength. The chemically-modified fabrics were characterized for primary physical performance proper ties and for self-catalyzed reactions with divinyl sulfone and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) sul fone. The results extend information already reported for unmercerized cotton cellulose containing quaternary ammonium hydroxide groups generated by quaternization of 2-diethylaminoethyl substituents. The nature of the quaternary ammonium substituent and the mercerized or unmercerized state of the cotton fibers are shown to have a bearing on the efficiency of this self-catalyzed reaction and on the wrinkle recovery angles and other properties developed in the products.

Process for metallizing substrates

Abstract: SUBSTRATE ARE PLATED WITH METALS BY SUBJECTING THE SUBSTRATES TO ELEMENTAL PHOSPHORUS AND SUBJECTING THE THUS TREATED SUBSTRATE TO A METAL SALT BATH COMPRISING A METAL SALT, AN AMINE, AN ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE AND AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE. THE RESULTING TREATED SUBSTRATES CAN BE ELECTROLESS PLATED AND/OR ELECTROPLATED BY CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES.

Spectrophotometric determination of sulfate in propellants and nitrocellulose

Abstract: : An accurate method is proposed for the determination of sulfate in propellants and nitrocellulose that requires only 45 minutes. The sample is treated with a mixture of nitric acid, perchloric acid and magnesium nitrate, and the solution is evaporated to dryness over a Bunsen burner. The salts are heated for 5 minutes with a mixture of hydriodic, hypophosphorous and hydrochloric acids in a simplified distillation apparatus while passing nitrogen through the system, the hydrogen sulfide which results from the reduction of sulfate is absorbed into ammonium hydroxide, lead citrate is added, and the brownish-yellow lead sulfide color is measured.

A method of treating effluents containing paint materials

Abstract: 1,205,112. Treating painting process effluents. LANCY -LABORATORIES Ltd. 3 March, 1969 [8 March, 1968], No. 11567/68. Heading C1C. A process for the treatment of aqueous effluents obtained from the rinsing of electrodeposited paint films comprises the precipitation and removal by sedimentation or filtration of paint material by adding a first chemical and treating the remaining first chemical with a second chemical to form a substance which is chemically inert to the paint film. At least part of the treated water may be returned to the rinsing stage of the process. The first chemical may be an acid (or an alkali) which is subsequently removed by addition of a stoichiometrically equivalent amount of an alkali (or an acid). Mineral acids, e.g. hydrochloric acid, or organic acids may be used and preferred alkalis are sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide.

Liquid—Liquid Extraction of Goid(III) with Diluted Tributyl Phosphate

Abstract: A new method is developed for the. solvent extraction of gold with diluted tributyl phosphate. In this method, 50% tributyl phosphate in toluene extracts gold quantitatively from 3 M hydrochloric acid containing 2 M lithium chloride as the salting-out agent. Gold from the organic phase is stripped with 1 M ammonium hydroxide and determined photometrically as its complex with stannous chloride. It is possible to extract gold in the presence of a large number of ions.

Manufacture of improved Dry Strength Paper

Abstract: 1,184,807 Polyanionic polymer/polycationic polymer salt compositions AMERICAN CYANAMID CO 21 March, 1967 [29 April, 1966], No 13263/67 Headings C3H, C3P, C3R and C3U [Also in Division D2] Compositions suitable for use in the manufacture of paper of improved dry strength comprise an aqueous solution of a composition of (a) an ionically self-crosslinked coacervating liquid ampholytic polysalt of a water-soluble polyanionic polymer with a water-soluble polycationic polymer in a weight ratio of from 95 : 5 to 5 : 95, at least one of said polymers being a weak electrolyte and having an ionization constant less than 10 -3 , with (b) sufficient of a water-soluble ionization suppressor (ie a water-soluble monomeric compound having an ionization constant greater than 10 -6 ) to render said polysalt water-soluble The ionization suppressor may be, for example, an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, a mineral acid or formic, acetic or a chloroacetic acid, or a water-soluble salt of such acids The compositions may include a fixing agent for cellulose fibres, eg an aluminium, ferric, eerie or zirconium salt, eg a sulphate, chloride, acetate, benzoate or nitrate, the preferred salt being alum In examples the polysalts are derived from the following as anionic polymers: acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer, acrylamidestyrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, casein (sodium salt), acrylamide-allyl sulphonic acid copolymer, poly-(sulphomethyleneacrylamide), sulphonated polystyrene; and from the following as cationic polymers: adipic acid-tetraethylenepentamine-epichlorohydrin resin condensation product, methylamine-ammonia-epichlorohydrin resin condensation product, diethylenetriamine-epichlorohydrin resin condensation product, the product obtained by heating polyacrylamide with ethylene diamine, acrylamide-dimethylpyridine copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulphate, acrylamideacrylic acid-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chioride copolymer, poly-(vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), poly-(diethylaminoethyl acrylate), ), polyethyleneimine, water-soluble cationic starch

Treatment of color-degradable sour hydrocarbon distillates

Abstract: 1,184,166. Sweetening hydrocarbon distillates. UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS CO. 17 April, 1968 [20 April, 1967], No. 18073/68. Heading C5E, Mercapto sulphur compounds contained in a hydrocarbon distillate are oxidized in the presence of an alkaline reagent, a phthalocyanine catalyst and oxygen in an amount of less than 1'4 times that stoichiometrically necessary to oxidize all the mercapto compounds to the corresponding disulphides. The distillates treated are kerosenes, stove oils, furnace oils, solvent oils, diesel fuels, lubricating oils, jet fuels, straight-run gasolines, cracked gasolines and heavy naphthas. Naphthenic acids and hydrogen sulphide can be washed from the feed with dilute caustic solution. The catalyst comprises either 0A005-10 wt. per cent of a phthalocyanine of Co, Va, Fe, Cu, Ni or Cr on a carrier of activated charcoal, coke, silica, alumina or magnesia or an aqueous solution of the sulphonated or carboxylated derivatives of these metal phthalocyanines. The alkaline reagent generally comprises an aqueous solution of 1- 50 wt. per cent of caustic soda, caustic potash, lithium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide or cesium hydroxide but alcoholicalkalicanbeused.Sodium isobutyrate, ammonium hydroxide or dimethylsulphoxidemay be included in the alkaline reagent as a solutizer. The oxygen content can be controlled by removing excess dissolved or entrained oxygen from the distillate feed with nitrogen or by adding oxygen as air or dissolved in the hydrocarbon feed or alkaline reagent. The reaction is carried out at up to 204‹ C. and 0 68 to 10.2 atm. gauge.

Novel cyanoethanols, their synthesis and their conversion to derivatives

Abstract: 1,213,166. Hydroxymethyl-araliphatic nitriles. ASPRO-NICHOLAS Ltd. 17 July, 1968 [19 July, 1967], No. 33189/67. Heading C2C. The invention comprises compounds of formula R 1 R 2 C(CN)CH 2 OH, wherein R 1 is aryl and R 2 is alkyl, and a process for making them by reacting R 1 R 2 CHCN with CH 2 O in an inert medium in presence of a basic quaternary ammonium hydroxide or alkoxide. 2 - Hydroxymethyl - 2 - phenylbutylamine, prepared by reducing (H 2 /Ni) 2 - hydroxymethyl - 2 - phenylbutyronitrile, reacts with Ph 2 CO 3 to give 5 - ethyl - 5 - phenyltetrahydro- [2H]-1,3-oxazin-2-one.

Removal of Copper from Molten Iron and Steel

Abstract: 1,192,510. Purifying steel. M.C. IRANI. Nov. 12, 1968, No. 53573/68. Heading C7D. Copper, present as an impurity, is removed from molten ferrous material by adding a sulphate, sulphide or sulphite-containing material to form a layer of molten slag, the slag being maintained for a sufficient time to dissolve the copper present and then separated from the ferrous material, the slag forming material may be obtained in various specified ways, e. g. by adding alkali metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate to an aqueous sulphate, sulphide or sulphite-containing waste material and drying, or by adding aluminium or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate or ammonia or ammonium hydroxide or carbonate or a mixture of these to the sulphur containing waste.

Sec-phosphine dithiophosphinic acid salts

Abstract: Zinc salts of hydrocarbyl-substituted or unsubstituted 9-phosphabicyclononane-9,9-dithiophosphinic acid, useful as lubricating oil additives, are prepared by contacting 9-H-9-phosphabicyclononane, optionally having one or more hydrocarbyl substituents on a ring carbon atoms, with sulfur in the presence of ammonium hydroxide, followed by treatment with a zinc salt.

Bis(4-amino-or 4-substituted amino-3,5-dinitrophenyl) disulfide

Abstract: Bis(hydroxy, amino, or substituted lower alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynylamino-3,5-dinitrophenyl)disulfide prepared by treating 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrophenyl thiocyanate with an alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate, acid carbonate, or nitrite, ammonium hydroxide, ammonia, or a primary or secondary lower aliphatic amine; useful as intermediates for the synthesis of herbicides.