Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1971"

Preparation of reconstituted tobacco

Abstract: Tobacco parts are treated with ammonium salts of organic acids, added or formed in situ, in the presence of ammonium hydroxide to obtain an alkaline pH, to release tobacco pectins and form calcium and/or magnesium salts with the organic anions. The pectins act as a binding agent and together with the treated tobacco and precipitated salts constitute a mix that may be cast or otherwise treated to form a reconstituted tobacco product.

Method for making salts of n-acylamino carboxylic acids

Abstract: SALTS OF N-ACYLAMINO CARABOXYLIC ACIDS, USEFUL AS INTERMEDIATES OR AS SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS, ATE MADE BY REACTING AN AMINO ACID AND A CARBOXYLIC ACID, ESTER, OR AMIDE AT 100* C-250* C. IN THE PRESENCE OF A SALT-FORMING BASIC COMPOUND SUCH AS AN ALKALI METAL OR ALKALINE EARTH METAL HYDROXIDE, A TERIARY AMINE, OR A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

Electroless cobalt plating bath and process

Abstract: ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION OF COBALT FROM AN AQUEOUS ALKALINE BATH ON A PALLADIUM ACTIVATED SUBSTRATE. BATH CONTAINS HYPOPHOSPHITE AS REDUCING AGENT, LINEAR POLYPHOSPHATE ANION AND AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AS COMPLEXING AGENTS AND SMALL CONTROLLED AMOUNTS OF NICKEL ION. COBALT WILL ALSO DEPOSIT WITHOUT IONS BEING IN BATH BY PROVIDING NICKEL ON SUBSTRATE.

Method of producing areas of relatively high electrical resistivity in dielectric substrates

Abstract: Areas of relatively high electrical resistivity in a dielectric substrate, such as doped barium titanate, may be produced by first forming a relatively porous substrate which may be handled without breaking, as by prefiring the substrate, masking selected portions of the substrate with a material such as a photoresist material which will vaporize during final firing of the substrate, contacting the substrate with a solution of a first reactant, immersing at least a portion of the substrate in a solution of a second reactant which will react with the first reactant to precipitate in situ in a portion of the substrate a transition metallic compound which is insoluble in the solutions and which is adapted to increase the electrical resistivity of the said portion of the substrate, and thereafter firing the sustrate at a temperature on the order of 1,300* - 1,450*C. to reduce the porosity of the substrate and to incorporate the insoluble compound into the lattice of selected portions of the substrate. The starting material may be a lanthanum doped barium titanate, for example, the solution of the first reactant may be an aqueous solution of a compound such as ammonium hydroxide, and the solution of the second reactant may be an aqueous solution of an iron compound such as ferric chloride which reacts with the ammonium hydroxide to precipitate in situ ferric hydroxide which, when fired, produces a high resistivity area.

Anodized film for electrolytic capacitor and method for preparation thereof

Abstract: An anodized film is formed by oxidizing a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, niobium, tantalum, and titanium by forming the metal in a formation bath which consists essentially of ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide; a polycarboxylic acid having from two to 10 carbon atoms; and an aqueous solvent. In the preferred embodiment, deionized water is used as the solvent. The formation electrolyte yields an oxide film or film-forming metals having enhanced capacitance or volt-microfarad product as compared to films formed using prior art formation electrolytes.

Offretite synthesis from minerals

Abstract: A synthetic offretite having a capacity for sorbing benzene and other large molecules is prepared from an aqueous nutrient containing tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and a suitable mixture of reactive aluminosilicate minerals, usually comprising sorptive silica.

[208] Preparation of 5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin and analogs containing modified nucleosides

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the procedure for the preparation of 5'-Deoxyadenosylcobalamin and analogs containing modified nucleosides The partial synthesis of 5'-deoxyadenosyleobalamin and its analogs involves the formation of a carbon-cobalt bond The synthesis of the organometallie bond may be achieved by reaction of the 5'-O-ptolylsulfonyl derivative of a nueleoside with Cob(1)alamin Cob(1)al reaction between secondary halides such amin can be prepared from aquocobalamin by reaction with a variety of reducing agents, such as sodium borohydride, zinc in 10% aqueous ammonium hydroxide, zinc in 10% acetic acid, or chromous chloride in ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) buffer, pH 95 The chapter also discusses the properties of 5'-Deoxyadenosylcobalamin such as, absorption spectra, photolysis, and decomposition by cyanide

A New Phosphorylating Reagent. V. The Preparation of α-Glycerophosphoryl Choline and Its Analogues by Means of 2-Chloromethyl-4-nitrophenyl Phosphorodichloridate

Abstract: β'-Haloethyl isopropylidene-α-glycerophosphoryl 2-chloromethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphates (10 and 11) were prepared by the stepwise phosphorylations of ethylene halohydrin and 1, 2-isopropylidene-glycerol with 2-chloromethyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphorodichloridate (3), a phosphorylating reagent having an "activatable" protecting group. The protecting group of 10 and 11 was readily and selectively removed by hydrolysis through an active intermediate 14 derived from the reaction of 10 and 11 with various tertiary amines to afford the corresponding isopropylidene-α-glyceryl β'-haloethylhydrogen phosphate (15) along with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl trialkyl ammonium chloride (16), a chip of the active intermediate 14. The halogen atom in the ethyl chain of the phosphate 15 reacted with tertiary amine at the same time to afford the corresponding quaternary ammonium compound 17 which was converted by subsequent hydrolysis into α-glycerophosphoryl choline (1a) and its analogues (1b-d). Thus, DL-α-glycerophosphoryl choline (1a), its L-isomer (1a-L), inner salt of β'-(DL-α-glyceryl hydrogen phosphoroxy) ethyl triethyl ammonium hydroxide (1b), 1-[β'-(DL-α-glyceryl) hydrogen phosphoroxy] ethyl 1-methyl piperidinium hydroxide (1c) and inner salt of 1-[β'-(DL-α-glyceryl) hydrogen phosphoroxy] ethyl 1, 4-diazonia bicyclo [2, 2, 2] octane hydroxide (1d) were prepared in good yield. DL-Myristoyl lecithin (18) was prepared by acylation of 1a with myristoyl chloride to confirm the structure of synthetic 1a.

Process for improved adhesion of electroless copper to a polyimide surface

Abstract: A POLYIMIDE SURFACE IS PREPARED FOR METAL PLATING BY IMMERSION IN A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE COMPOUND SOLUTION SUCH AS, BENZYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, TETRAMETHYL AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, TETRAETHYL AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AND THE LIKE THE RESULTANT HYDROLYED SULFACE IS ACTIVATED BY IMMERSION IN A SOLUTION OF HIGH FLUORIDE ION CONCENTRATION SUCH AS, KF, NAF, OR HF AND THEREAFTER IMMERSED IN AN ELECTROLESS DEPOSITION BATH FOR METAL PLATING THEREON. THE RESULTANT METAL FILM IS FOUND TO BE STRONGLY BONDED TO THE POLYIMIDE SURFACE.

Process for removal of cationic impurities from technical grade phosphoric acid

Abstract: Technical grade phosphoric acid is purified of cationic impurities by adding thereto alkali or ammonium ions and a water soluble organic solvent whereby a flaky, easily filterable precipitate is formed which is subsequently separated from the filtrate. The filtrate is passed through a highly acidic cationic exchange resin in the H+ form. The organic solvent is distilled from the filtrate to produce purified phosphoric acid. The source of alkali ions include gaseous ammonia, alkali and ammonium hydroxide and/or alkali and ammonium salts with the addition being of from 0.06 to 0.12 mols of alkali ions per mol of P2O5. The water soluble organic solvent is preferably isopropanol and is added in an amount of from two to five times the amount with respect to the raw phosphoric acid.

Chemical composition for viscosity control and film forming materials

Abstract: A HYDROPHILIC COPOLYMER IS FORMED THROUGH THE BULK COPOLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE, AN ACRYLIC ACID, AND AN ACRYLATE PLASTICIZE, IN PARTICULAR AMOUNTS, FOLLOWED BY TREATING OF THE FORMED COPOLYMER, IN POWDER FORM, WITH AN AQUEOUS, BASIC MATERIAL, SUCH AS AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

Improvements in or relating to the preparation of active siliceous compounds and their use in the production of crystalline synthetic zeolites

Abstract: 1300946 Active silica and silicates; zeolites PETER SPENCE & SONS Ltd 26 May 1970 [29 May 1969] 27132/69 Addition to 1193254 Heading C1A "Active" silica and silicates having the general formula. nNa 2 O : SiO 2 : xH 2 O, where n = 0 to less than 0A5, and x = at least 0A1, are produced in a process in which an "active" sodium silicate hydrate having an activity rating of at least 5 units is treated in an aqueous medium with the salt of a base, other than a metallic base, having a pKb in the range 2A0-9A0, or with a weak acid having pK a in the range 5A0-9A0 to remove or partially remove the cation from the sodium silicate. The sodium silicate hydrate treated is of general formula mNa 2 O : SiO 2 : yH 2 O, when m = 0A5-1A5 and y is greater than 0A05. Specified suitable bases are mono-, di-, and tri-methylamine and ethylamine, pyridine, piperidine and quinoline, hydroxylamine, and ammonium hydroxide. Suitable salts are chlorides, sulphates, nitrates, or carbonates, viz. amine hydrochlorides, the preferred salts being ammonium salts. Carbonic acid is specified as a weak acid of appropriate pK a value. The reaction to remove the cation may be carried out at a temp. in the range 10-30‹ C. In such a reaction the silica or silicate product is separated from the aqueous medium by filtration, is washed and dried. The "active" silica or silicate may be utilized in the preparation of synthetic zeolites having molecular sieve and base exchange properties by cystallization of said zeolite from a reaction mixture containing the required quantities of SiO 2 component, Al 2 O 3 component, cation component and water at a temperature in the range 30-120‹ C. with stirring when at least part of the SiO 2 component is "active" as prepared by the above method. Specified cations are Na + together with Li + , K + , Rb + , Cs + , Mg ++ , Sr ++ , Ba + + and NH 4 + : the zeolite: where d = 0-1, e = 6-8 and # is up to 10 and having a specified X-ray pattern, is exemplified.

Photosensitive redox solutions

Abstract: The invention provides aqueous solutions of (1) the reaction product of anhydrous trimethyl borate with titanium tetrachloride and (2) polyvinyl alcohol, preferably not exceeding about 0.5 weight percent of each. These solutions have a pH of about 1, but when ammonium hydroxide is added, the pH may be raised to about 10 without precipitation of titanium or gelation of the polyvinyl alcohol. When the pH of the above solutions is adjusted to between about 2 and about 10, the solutions are photosensitive. When these solutions are in a confined zone, sunlight or actinic radiation in the range between ultraviolet light and the lower wavelengths of the visible spectrum causes oxygen from the air above the solutions to be consumed until it is all gone. Then, reduction of the colorless dissolved Ti(IV) compound to the dark blue Ti(III) state occurs without precipitation of the Ti(III) product or reoxidation to Ti(IV). The blue Ti(III) solution is quickly reoxidized by reexposure to air. Similar photosensitive solutions are formed with polyvinyl alcohol and other Ti(IV) compounds, such as (1) the tetravalent titanium compound conforming substantially to the formula Cl 2 Ti(OR) 2 where R is H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , C 3 H 7 or C 4 H 9 ; (2) titanyl sulfate, and (3) titanyl chloride. The polyvinyl alcohol may be replaced by other complexing agents, such as N-hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethanolglycine, glucoheptanoic acid, arabonic acid, gluconic acid, galactonic acid, saccharic acid, mucic acid, and the sodium and ammonium salts of these compounds.

Method for preventing the formation of rust on the surface of coiled steel strip and an inhibitor for accomplishing same

Abstract: Method for preventing the formation of rust on coiled steel comprising temper rolling annealed cold rolled steel strip, coating the steel strip with a liquid phase-vapor phase corrosion inhibitor and coiling the steel strip. The liquid phase-vapor phase inhibitor consists of an aqueous solution of a non-volatile nitrite of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal or volatile amine which is soluble in water and not subject to auto-decomposition at ambient temperature. The volatile base compounds are, for example, ammonium hydroxide or ammonium carbonate. The nitrite radical is present in an amount of about 0.07% by weight up to the solubility of the nitrite compound. The base compound is about 0.1% by weight up to about 25% by weight of the aqueous solution. The aqueous solution has a pH of not less than about 8 to about 13.

Method of treating barium titanate

Abstract: Barium titanate is upgraded by chemically treating the raw powder with acetic acid, ammonium hydroxide, or distilled water. This invention relates in general to a method of upgrading the dielectric characteristics of ferroelectric materials and in particular to a method of upgrading commercial barium titanate.

Process for palladium recovery

Abstract: PALLADIUM VALUES ARE RECOVERED FROM ALKALINE PUREX SUPERNATANT WASTE FEED SOLUTIONS CONTAINING PALLADIUM, RHODIUM AND TECHNETIUM VALUES BY PASSING THE SOLUTION THROUGH A BED OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL WHICH SELECTIVELY SORBS THE PALLADIUM WHILE PERMITTING THE OTHER VALUES TO PASS THROUGH THE BED. THE PALLADIUM VALUES ARE RECOVERED BY ELUTION WITH WATER AND THEN WITH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

Oil recovery with sulfomethylated poly(lower alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride)

Abstract: Poly(lower alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride) copolymer is dissolved in ammonium hydroxide and reacted simultaneously with formaldehyde and sodium sulfite, e.g., for 10 hours at 50* C. to produce an improved thickening agent for secondary recovery of petroleum. Optionally the reaction with formaldehyde or with sodium sulfite can be omitted.

Process for preparing a copper chromite catalyst

Abstract: AN ACTIVE COPPER CHROMITE HYDROGENATION CATALYST IS PREPARED IN ESSENTIALLY A THREE-STEP PROCESS USING BASIC COPPER CARBONATE, CHROMIC ACID, AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, AN AMMONIUM CARBONATE. THE RESULT IS THE FORMATION OF A BASIC COPPER AMMONIUM CHROMATE INTERMEDIATE WHICH IS SUBSEQUENTLY DECOMPOSED BY CALCINATION TO COPPER CHROMITE. A DISTINCT ADVANTAGE OF THE PROCESS IS THAT ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION IS MINIMIZED, WITH CARBON DIOXIDE BEING ESSENTIALLY THE ONLY EFLUENT WHICH IS VENTED. LIQUID WASTE BY-PRODUCT IS ESSENTIALLY NON-EXISTENT.

An electrocoating composition containing an acid binder present as the salt of an arylamine, alkynyl amine, quaternary ammonium hydroxide or phosphonium hydroxide

Abstract: In an electrocoating process acid binders which are present at least partly in the form of their salts with basic compounds are used and the basic compounds used for salt formation consist of the extent of 0.1 to 50 percent of the neutralization equivalent of the acid binder of at least one arylamine and/or alkynylamine and/or quaternary ammonium hydroxide and/or phosphonium hydroxide with at least one aromatic ligand, and other conventional additives and non-basic corrosion inhibitors may be contained in the aqueous solution or dispersion of the coating composition. The process is suitable for the production of particularly corrosion-resistant coatings on metal articles.

Control of the impurity content of zinc sulphate solutions

Abstract: A process for controlling the build-up of undesirable ions in an electrolytic zinc plant circuit, comprises a step in which solution from said circuit is treated with a neutralising agent selected from the group consisting of limestone, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, calcined zinc sulphide, calcined zinc sulphide concentrate, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, dolomite, lime, calcium oxide, and calcium hydroxide, at a temperature in the range 65 DEG C to the boiling point of the solution at atmospheric pressure, so as to precipitate substantially the whole zinc content thereof in a form in which the content of said undesirable ions is substantially lowered; and a step in which the zinc values contained in the precipitated zinc compounds are returned to the said zinc plant circuit. The undesirable ions are selected from the group consisting of C1 , NO3 , NO2 , NH4 , C104 , C103 , and the ions of the elements Mn, Mg, Cd, Co, Ni, Na, K, Cr, V, Se, Te, Sn, As, Sb, In, and Fe.

Stable solutions containing molybdenum 99 and process of preparing same

Abstract: A METHOD OF PREPARING A STABLE SOLUTION CONTAINING MOLYBDENUM 99 IS PRESENTED IN WHICH THE STARTING MATERIAL OF MOLYBDENUM TRIOXIDE CONTAINING THE MOLYBDENUM99 ISOTOPE IS DISSOLVED IN A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF AN AQUEOUS AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE TO GIVE AN AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE SOLUTION HAVING A PH IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 7.5 TO ABOUT 9.5. THE SOLUTION IS THEN FILTERED TO REMOVE ANY SUSPENDED SOLIDS, AND FROM ABOUT 0.12 TO ABOUT 0.60 WEIGHT PERCENT OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IN THE FORM OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION IS ADDED TO THE AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE SOLUTION. THIS PROCESS GIVES A STABLE AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE SOLUTION WITH A PH IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 7.5 TO ABOUT 9.5 COMPRISING FROM ABOUT 0.12 TO ABOUT 0.60 WEIGHT PERCENT SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, UP TO ABOUT 0.46 GRAM OF AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE PER MILLILITER OF SOLUTION AND THE BALANCE WATER. THE STABLE AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE SOLUTION REMAINS WATER-CLEAR AND FREE OF DISCOLORATION FROM RADIOLYTIC REDUCTION OF MOLYBDENUM FOR THE USUAL LIFE OF THE SOLUTION.

Synthesis of 3-acylamino- and 3-carbethoxy-2-benzopyrylium salts

Abstract: High yields of 3-acylamino-2-benzopyrylium salts are formed in the acylation of 3,4-dimethoxy- and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile. The salts are converted to 4-isoquinolones on treatment with ammonia. The acylation of ethyl 3,4-dimethoxyphenylglycidate ester also results in heterocyclization to 3-carbethoxy-2-benzopyrylium salts, which are converted to high yields of the corresponding 3-carbethoxyisoquinolines by treatment with ammonium hydroxide. The mechanisms of these transformations are discussed.