Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1972"

Production of magnetic fluids by peptization techniques

Abstract: 1. A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING MAGNETIC FLUIDS FROM AQUEOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTE STREAMS CONTAINING FERROUS IRON SALTS WHICH COMSPRISES: OXIDIZING A PORTION OF THE FERROUS IRON CONTAINED IN THE WASTE STREAM TO THE FERRIC STATE; REACTING THE WASTE STREAM, NOW CONTAINING FERROUS AND FERRIC IRON SALTS, WITH AN EXCESS OF AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE TO PRECIPITATE A SLURRY OF COLLOIDAL SIZE FERROSO-FERRIC IRON OXIDE PARTICLES; ADDING A LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID HAVING ABOUT 18 CARBON ATOMS TO THE IRON OXIDE PARTICLE SLURRY WHEREBY THE FATTY ACID REACTS WITH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE TO FORM AN AMMONIUM SALT OF THE FATTY ACID AND TO THEREAFTER COAT IRON OXIDE PARTICLES CONTAINED IN TH SLURRY WITH AN ADSORBED LAYER OF AMMONIATED FATTY ACID TO HEATING THE SLURRY TO A TEMPERATURE ABOVE THE DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE OF THE AMMONIATED FATTY ACID TO CONVERT THE ADSORBED LAYER OF AMMONIATED FATTY ACID TO THE ACID FORM AND TO EXPEL AMMONIA FROM THE SLURRY, AND RECOVERING FROM THE SLURRY A PRODUCT FRACTION COMPRISING FERRIMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE PARTICLES OF COLLOIDAL SIZE COATED WITH AN ADBSORBED LAYER OF FATTY ACID.

Process for producing high purity molybdenum oxide and ammonium molybdate

Abstract: A process for producing a high grade molybdenum trioxide and/or ammonium molybdate product whereby an oxidized molybdenite concentrate is subjected to an ammonium hydroxide leaching step including a digestion phase in which an oxidation of some of the impurities therein, particularly iron, is effected, resulting in a coprecipitation of iron and aluminum hydroxide, together with other impurities including lead, bismuth, tin, arsenic, phosphorous, soluble silica, and the like. The resultant aqueous solution containing ammonium molybdate is filtered and thereafter crystallized, followed by calcining to produce a high purity molybdenum trioxide product. It is also contemplated that all or a portion of the molybdenum trioxide product derived from the calciner can be subjected to a second phase purification operation in which the molybdenum trioxide is digested with a dilute nitric acid solution to effect a further leaching or residual contaminating constituents, whereafter the molybdenum oxide value is redissolved in an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution which is filtered and subsequently crystallized to produce a high purity ammonium molybdate product.

Cyclic acid leaching of nickel bearing oxide and silicate ores with subsequent iron removal from leach liquor

Abstract: A hot solution of sulfuric acid and ammonium bisulfate is used to leach nickel and cobalt from finely ground, low grade nickel ores such as garnierite. Substantial quantities of iron and magnesium impurities pass into the leach liquor. The leach liquor is cyclically filtered, adjusted to its original acid content, and reused with a fresh batch of ore until the magnesium content is about 40-60 grams per liter. The resulting leach liquor is then slurried with an excess of oxidized ore to use up free acid and thereby precipitate a substantial proportion of the iron. Hydrogen sulfide is then added to the filtrate to separate out chromium, aluminum and copper. The resulting filtrate is treated with ammonium hydroxide to precipitate out the hydroxides of metal impurities including the residual iron. Nickel and cobalt salts are then precipitated with hydrogen sulfide and filtered out. Magnesium can be recovered as magnesium carbonate by treating the resulting filtrate with carbon dioxide. The final filtrate, containing essentially ammonium sulfate, is evaporated to dryness and heated to about 330 DEG C. to form ammonia and ammonium bilsulfate. The ammonia is recycled to the nickel complexing step and the ammonium bilsulfate is recycled to the leaching liquor, together with sulfuric acid made from sulfur dioxide derived from the conversion of the nickel sulfide to nickel oxide.

Bloated fly ash aggregates

Abstract: Bloated fly ash aggregates suitable for use in concrete, asphalt and the like are produced by: homogeneously admixing with fly ash, first an aqueous solution of a alkali compound such as ammonium hydroxide, and then an aqueous dispersion of a watersoluble carbohydrate; forming the resulting admixture into aggregates, drying the aggregates; and finally firing the aggregates at a temperature causing fusion and bloating of the aggregates.

Process for the recovery of molybdenum from roasted molybdenum concentrates

Abstract: A process for recovering molybdenum, either as a compound or as the elemental metal, from roasted molybdenum concentrates, e.g. resulting from the roasting of molybdenum sulfide compositions, comprises digesting the concentrate in aqueous nitric acid containing ammonium nitrate, separating the solid phase from the liquid phase, and treating the solid phase with alkali, preferably ammonium hydroxide, to produce ammonium molybdate. The latter may be converted into metallic molybdenum.

Stabilized hydrogen peroxide compositions containing ammonium ions,and process for bleaching therewith

Abstract: A stable aqueous bleaching composition comprising: (1) concentrated, acidic hydrogen peroxide stabilized with a stannate salt; (2) an ammonium salt; (3) a stabilizing amount of an organic acid, preferably an alkylidene diphosphonic acid or salt; (4) optionally, other additives. Upon making the bleaching composition alkaline, the NH4 ion is converted to ammonium hydroxide, which promotes the bleaching activity of hydrogen peroxide. There is also provided a process for bleaching with the bleaching composition.

Process for removing sulfur dioxide from gases

Abstract: A process for the removal of sulfur oxides from gases comprising a sulfur oxide scrubbing system using hydroxide solutions such as sodium or ammonium hydroxide, a treatment system utilizing anion exchange resins in free hydroxyl form to reproduce the hydroxide solution from sulfite salts produced in the scrubbing system, a regeneration system wherein the exchange resins are regenerated by contact with, for example, lime hydrate solution, and a dewatering system wherein sludge produced in the regeneration cycle is prepared for disposal as a solid waste.

Ammoniacal etching solution and method utilizing same

Abstract: An aqueous ammoniacal etching solution for metallic surfaces contains, at makeup, ammonium haloacetate, ammonium hydroxide, and a promoter selected from the group consisting of soluble iodide, bromide and noble metal compounds; preferably, the solution also contains a soluble cupric compound. The solution may be used for spray or immersion etching of copper, cadmium, zinc, aluminum and alloys of such metals.

Adhesive composition for adhesion between fabric material and rubber and a process for preparation thereof

Abstract: An adhesive composition for adhesion between fabric material and rubber is produced by a process in which a monohydric phenol is reacted with an aldehyde in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide as a catalyst and neutralized with an acid; the resulting resinous material is dissolved in dilute ammonium hydroxide in the absence of free aldehyde and then mixed with a rubber latex.

Method of electrodepositing a polymer

Abstract: An electrodeposition process for depositing a polymer coating on an electrically conductive substrate. A polymer, such as a polyamide acid, is formed in a water-miscible organic solvent and then reacted with ammonium hydroxide to form a water soluble polymer. An aqueous-organic solution of the polymer is acidified with a relatively weak volatile acid to render insoluble a portion of soluble polymer. As the pH is adjusted from basic to acidic, the polymer is gradually precipitated from solution to form a dispersion. The ratio of solution phase to dispersion phase of the polymer determines the thickness of a coating produced upon a metal substrate by passing an electric current through the dispersion to electrodeposit the polymer upon the metal substrate. The thickness of the electrodeposited polymer coating on a substrate is variable as a function of the pH or the ratio of the moles of ammonium to carboxyl groups along the polymer chain.

Process for reducing the amount of calcium contained in magnesium-base waste sulfite liquor by the use of an ammonium compound and additional calcium

Abstract: The amount of calcium contained in magnesium-base waste sulfite liquor is reduced by precipitating the calcium as calcium sulfite and separating the precipitate from the remaining waste sulfite liquor solution. The precipitation is caused by dissolving in the waste sulfite liquor (1) additional calcium, i.e., beyond the amount of calcium initially contained in the waste sulfite liquor; (2) an ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of anhydrous ammonia, ammonium sulfite, aqueous ammonia, ammonium carbonate, ammonium magnesium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide; and (3) a source of sulfite ions.

Preparation of mixed cellulose ethers

Abstract: 1,263,172. Preparation of mixed cellulose ethers. DOW CHEMICAL CO. 12 Feb., 1969, No. 7579/69. Heading C3A. [Also in Division E1] Mixed carboxyalkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers, wherein the carboxyalkyl and hydroxyalkyl groups each contain from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, having a carboxyalkyl M.S. (i.e. the average number of moles of that substituent attached, directly or indirectly through a side chain, to each anhydro-glucose residue unit of the ether) of 0A2 to 1A2 and a hydroxyalkyl M.S. of 1A5 to 5, are prepared by reacting cellulose with, in order of addition, an alkali hydroxide (i.e. an alkali metal hydroxide or quaternary ammonium base), a chlorinated carboxylic acid having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms and an alkylene oxide having from 2 to 3 carbon atoms to form the cellulose ether, which is dried in the presence of from 0A1 to 3% of base, based on the weight of the reaction mass, at a temperature less than 200‹ F. A portion of the total chlorinated carboxylic acid used may be reacted with the alkalized cellulose prior to the addition of the alkylene oxide to provide an intermediate carboxymethyl cellulose with a carboxymethyl M.S. of 0A05 to 0A2. The alkali hydroxide used may be sodium or potassium hydroxide or trimethyl benzyl ammonium hydroxide. When too little base remains in the reaction mass, additional base (e.g. an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate or quaternary ammonium compound) is incorporated at the end of the reaction. A preferred product is a carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose having a carboxymethyl M.S. of 0A3 to 0A5 and a hydroxyethyl M.S. of 1A8 to 3. The ethers are soluble in water and brine and are non-thermogelling.

A Studies on Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Fertilizer from Dolomite

Abstract: This investigation was carried out to produce a high quality magnesium compounded fertilizer by initially dissolving calcined dolomite in sea water to form the intermediate precipitate, and reacting this intermediate with phosphoric acid and ammonia thereafter. The experimental results were obtained as follows ; 1) The optimum calcination temperature of dolomite was about for 30 minutes operation and in the displacement of the calcined dolomite in sea water, the optimum mole ratio of calcium hydroxide to magnesium chloride is 1 : 1.2 for 4 hours of the dissolution time. 2) The high yield of the magnesium compounded fertilizer was obtained, when the precipitate was reacted with 20% phosphoric acid and neutralized with 28% ammonium hydroxide thereby obtaining the alkalinity of the solution to pH 9. 3) By the results of X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis, the major component of the product was magnesium ammonium phosphate at the above condition and the fertilizing effect was also good.

3-hydroxycyclohexanone prodn - by passing 2-cycloxhexenone and water over ion-exchangers

Abstract: 3-Hydroxycyclohexanone (I) an inter. for e.g. pesticides, is produced by passing 2-cyclohexanone (II) and water over acidic or basic ion-exchangers (pref. macroporous resins carrying sulphonic acid or quat. ammonium hydroxide gps). (I) is obtd. in good yields without the formation of byprods. partic. polymers.

A study of the behavior of pectin substances in aqueous solutions by the light-scattering method

Abstract: 1. Pectin substances form high-molecular-weight aggregates in water. 2. When the temperature is raised, and also when sodium chloride, ammonium hydroxide, urea, and Tween are added, dissociation of the polysaccharide aggregates takes place (at given concentrations) — in a number of cases to particles with similar values of the weight-average and number-average molecular weights.