Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1975"

Thermally stable coprecipitated catalysts useful for methanation and other reactions

Abstract: Catalysts having a high degree of thermal stability, comprising alumina and one or more of the metals iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc, are prepared from aqueous solutions containing a dissolved aluminum salt, a salt of at least one of the aforesaid metals in divalent form, and a delayed precipitant such as urea. With all components in homogeneous solution at a relatively low pH and temperature, the solution is heated to a temperature sufficient to hydrolyze the delayed precipitant with resultant liberation of ammonia and carbon dioxide homogeneously throughout the solution, until the pH of the solution rises sufficiently to effect coprecipitation of the metal salts as hydroxides and/or carbonates. The resulting coprecipitate is then recovered, washed, dried, shaped and calcined in conventional fashion to obtain a final product which is very active, and displays much greater thermal stability than corresponding prior art catalysts prepared by non-homogeneous coprecipitation with alkaline, ionic reagents such as sodium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, or ammonium carbonate. The nickel-containing catalysts are particularly useful for methanation, but they are all useful in a variety of other reactions.

Process for removal of silica from geothermal brine

Abstract: Ammonium hydroxide is added to a mixture of high-temperature, high-pressure geothermal steam and brine to raise the pH of the brine to between 6.0 and 7.0 and precipitate out a gelatinous sludge of aluminum and iron hydroxides. The hydroxide sludge is suspended in the brine and sweeps out enough dissolved silica so that the temperature and pressure of the brine can be reduced with little, if any, formation of silica scale. Various metals and ammonium hydroxide may then be recovered from the brine, the ammonium hydroxide being recycled in the process.

Selective extraction of molybdenum from acidic leach liquors

Abstract: Molybdenum is selectively extracted from an aqueous solution containing various other metal values, e.g. copper, arsenic, iron, bismuth, antimony, tin, and lead in addition to molybdenum. The molybdenum-bearing solution is adjusted to a pH of about 2.0 or less, and, then, intimately contacted with an organic extracting solution containing an alpha-hydroxy oxime. The loaded organic phase, containing extracted molybdenum values, is separated from the aqueous raffinate, and the molybdenum values contained in the organic phase are stripped therefrom using an aqueous stripping solution containing ammonium hydroxide. The efficiency with which the molybdenum is stripped from the loaded organic solution is poor unless nonylphenol is present in the organic solution as it is being stripped. The nonylphenol can be added to the system anytime prior to the ammonium hydroxide stripping step, e.g. it can be added to the organic solution before the extraction step, or it can be added to the aqueous-organic mixture during the extraction step (in which case it reports to the organic phase), or it can be added to the organic solution just prior to the stripping step.

Liquid developer for use in development of an electrostatic latent image comprising a copolymer containing an amino group converted into a quaternary ammonium salt or hydroxide

Abstract: A liquid developer for use in development of an electrostatic latent image comprising an electrically insulating carrier liquid and a toner dispersed therein comprises a copolymer wherein the amino group thereof is converted into a quaternary ammonium salt or a quaternary ammonium hydroxide as a chargeability controlling agent for controlling the toner so as to be negative chargeable. The copolymer is prepared from at least three kinds of the specified monomers.

Molybdenum recovery from spent acid solution

Abstract: Dissolved molybdenum is recovered from spent sulfuric acid-nitric acid solution by adding ammonium hydroxide to spent acid solution to raise pH thereof to from about 1.5 to about 3, and preferably from 2 to 3. Solution is then agitated and simultaneously heated at a temperature less than about 95°C until substantially all dissolved molybdenum is precipitated as ammonium molybdate complex, from which the precipitate is then recovered.

Process for the production of polyolefin powder

Abstract: Spherical polyolefin (or modified polyolefin) powders having high bulk density, narrow particle size distribution and good powder flowability are prepared by cooling a polyolefin solution comprising a solvent and nonsolvent for the polyolefin and containing a small amount of an inorganic compound and, if desired, water. The polyolefin powders are suitable for powder coating. Suitable solvents are hydrocarbons, such as hexane, heptane, etc., and a mixture of hydrocarbon and nonsolvent for polyolefin such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc. The ratio of a hydrocarbon/nonsolvent is 95/5 - 30/70, preferably 90/10 - 50/50. Suitable inorganic compounds are phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, inorganic salts thereof, etc. and the most preferable inorganic compound is phosphoric acid.

Ammoniacal extraction of copper from metallic materials

Abstract: A method of leaching copper values from copper dross obtained from pyro-metallurgical lead bullion by contacting finely-divided particles of the copper dross with an aqueous ammoniacal solution, preferably a solution of ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydroxide, to dissolve copper from the dross. The leaching will usually be carried out in a gas containing free oxygen and the leaching solution may advantageously contain sulphate ions in addition to carbonate ions.

1,3-Bis-(carboxy-phenylamino)-s-triazines

Abstract: Cyanuric halide is successively reacted with two moles of carboxy substituted aromatic amine and one mole of quaternizing agent such as pyridine and dissolved, e.g., in dilute ammonium hydroxide. At certain concentrations as the solution evaporates, it becomes nematic. The solution is evaporated on an oriented substrate so that the residue is anisotropic and is finally frozen in a resinous form which shows birefringence. The substrate and coating is valuable as a fractional wave plate.

Scopulariopsis brevicaulis : Effect of pH and substrate on growth

Abstract: Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Bainier NRRL 5867, isolated from ammonia-treated corn during preservation studies, was grown in shaken and still liquid cultures on Blakeslee's malt extract. The medium was adjusted to different pH values between 5.0 and 10.6 with sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide. Maximum mycelium was produced at an initial pH of 9.0–10.0. Considerably more mycelium was produced in shaken flasks than in still cultures. When the initial pH was adjusted to 10.0 with ammonium hydroxide, 1350 mg mycelium/200 ml Blakeslee's malt extract was produced in contrast to 540 mg with sodium hydroxide. Approximately 28% of the total solids and 25% of the nitrogen in an ammoniated corn infusion broth were converted to mold mycelium high in essential amino acids and protein by both NRRL 5867 and NRRL 3273, another strain ofS. brevicaulis. WhenS. brevicaulis was grown 7 days on a solid substrate of ammoniated corn, ammonia was converted to organic material, carbohydrate was utilized and the protein of the fermented corn increased in lysine and methionine. Approximately 9% of the weight of the corn was lost during the process.

Separation of cobalt from nickel in ammoniacal solutions using 8-hydroxyquinolines

Abstract: This invention provides a method for selectively extracting cobalt value from an aqueous ammoniacal solution containing dissolved nickel and cobalt. The solution is contacted, at a pH of at least about 8.5, with an organic solution of a hydrocarbon-substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline while maintaining the pH of the aqueous solution at least at about 8.5. by adding ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. There are also dissolved in the aqueous solution ammonium ion and halide ion. The cobalt value is selectively extracted into the organic solution which is then separated from the aqueous solution; the cobalt can be stripped from the organic solution.

Removal of Zn or Cd and cyanide from cyanide electroplating wastes

Abstract: A method is described for the efficient stripping of stable complexes of a selected quaternary amine and a cyanide of Zn or Cd. An alkali metal hydroxide solution such as NaOH or KOH will quantitatively strip a pregnant extract of the quaternary ammonium complex of its metal and cyanide content and regenerate a quaternary ammonium hydroxide salt which can be used for extracting further metal cyanide values.

Uranium dioxide process

Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE Process for the preparation of fine particle size uranium dioxide from a uranium trioxide feed comprising the following steps: (a) reacting solid uranium trioxide with aqueous ammonium nitrate to form an insoluble ammonium uranate (b) neutralizing the thus formed slurry with ammonium hydroxide to precipitate out as an insoluble ammonium uranate the remaining dissolved uranium (c) recovering the thus formed precipitates in a dry state and (d) reducing the dried precipitate to uranium dioxide.

Emulsified lipophilic paper sizing

Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE Aqueous emulsions containing lipophilic sizing agents, are used for sizing paper. Volatile nitrogen containing bases, such as ammonium hydroxide and tertiary amines, are used as emul-sifying agents to aid in forming aqueous emulsions of lipophilic sizing agents. Preferred lipophilic sizing agents are hetero-cyclic organic compounds which are formed by the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid anhydride and a long chain hydrocarbon.

Production of semiconductor device

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain photoetching of sharply cut picture lines by performing development with an aqueous trialkyl (hydroxyl alkyl) ammonium hydroxide solution in exposing, developing and removing a positive type photosensitive resin, and also using this chemical in removing the unexposed resin. COPYRIGHT: (C)1977,JPO&Japio

The Determination of Sodium in Alumina Using a Sodium Selective Ion Electrode

Abstract: A method has been developed for the determination of sodium in alumina using a selective ion electrode. The alumina sample is dissolved in ammonium hydrogen fluoride in platinum crucibles or sintered with boric acid using either platinum, nickel, or zirconium crucibles. Either dissolution technique completely extracts all available sodium. After dissolution, and in the presence of citrate to prevent aluminum hydroxide precipitation, the pH is adjusted to 8.7 with ammonium hydroxide, and the sodium concentration is determined by a sodium selective ion electrode.

Wood treatment with ammoniacal liquor and carbon dioxide

Abstract: A method of preventing the deposition of preservative solids onto the surface of the material being treated from an ammoniacal treating liquor of the type wherein deposition of the treating chemical within the wood requires evaporation of the ammonia from the solution. After the impregnation treatment the wood is contacted with an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide in an amount and for a time sufficient for the carbon dioxide to combine with a significant amount of the ammonium hydroxide in the treating liquor on the wood to form ammonium carbonate and/or bicarbonate and thereby inhibit the loss of ammonia from the liquor for a time sufficient for the liquor on the wood to migrate into the wood.

Radiochromatography of 5-3H-uridine derivatives found in trichloracetic and soluble fractions of mouse brain, liver, muscle and blood.

Abstract: Trichloracetic acid soluble fractions from the mouse brain, liver, muscle and blood were chromatographed in three solvent systems after a subcutaneous injection of 5-3H-uridine (boric acid -- ethanol -- water -- ammonium hydroxide; n-butanol -- acetic acid -- water; IM ammonium acetate -- 95% ethanol). The amount of uridine converted to uracil in the brain and blood highly prevailed over that phosphorylated to UMP. On the contrary, the amount of 3H-;uracil was small in the LIVER AND MUSCLe, the majority of 3H-uridine being converted to UMP.

Cellulosic web and formation thereof

Abstract: 1412002 Cellulosic fibres grafted with salts SCOTT PAPER CO 3 Oct 1972 [8 Oct 1971] 45580/72 Headings C3G and C3P [Also in Division D2] Rayon or cotton fibres of length 6.0 mm. or longer have grafted thereto an ammonium, an alkali metal or organic amine salt of a polymer comprising units derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or sodium styrene sulphonate, or a copolymer comprising such units of a comonomer. Examples are given in which (a) rayon is grafted with methacrylic and/or acrylic acid, with sodium styrene sulphonate or with a mixture of acrylic acid and acrylamide, ethyl acrylate or acrylonitrile, treated with ammonium hydroxide and blended with wood pulp; (b) rayon is grafted with acrylic acid, treated with ethanolamine or ammonium bicarbonate or carbonate, and blended as in (a); (c) cotton is grafted with acrylic acid and treated with ammonium hydroxide; (d) rayon is grafted with methyl acrylate, and saponified with sodium hydroxide.

Method of preparing salts of poly-alpha-hydroxyacrylic acid

Abstract: Salts of poly-α-hydroxyacrylic acid or their alkyl derivatives are obtained by thermally dehydrochlorinating α, β-dichloro-propionic acid or its alkyl derivatives into the corresponding α-chloroacrylic acid, polymerizing the α-chloroacrylic acid in water to obtain a solid product and neutralizing the solid product with an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide. The poly-α-hydroxyacrylates are useful as sequestering agents or builders.

Atomic Spectroscopic Determination of the Sodium Content of Cheese Solubilized with a Mixture of Ammonium Hydroxide and Methyl-Iso-Butyl Ketone

Abstract: A study was done to investigate the usefullness of a rapid digestion procedure for the determination of the salt content in cheese. This procedure compared favorably with values obtained from wet-ashed samples. The coefficient of variation of the suspension procedure was 3.3% and the mean recovery of added salt solutions was 100.7 ± 4.5%.

Ammonium oxalate process

Abstract: A process for the production of ammonium oxalate and a metal carbonate from a metal oxalate and ammonium carbonate in aqueous or methanol media, ideally using excess ammonium hydroxide.

Methods of treating polyimides

Abstract: 1379961 Etching WESTERN ELECTRIC CO Inc 13 June 1972 [14 June 1971 19 May 1972] 27557/72 Heading B6J A polyimide surface is etched with an aqueous solution of ethylene diamine and a basic compound selected from the group consisting of (a) a carbonate, hydroxide, cyanide, borate, phosphate, pyrophosphate, sulphite, sulphide or silicate of an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium, lithium, rubidium or caesium; (b) a carbonate, hydroxide, cyanide, borate or sulphide of ammonia; (c) alkali metal alkoxides where the alkylate portion has 1-4 carbons; (d) a quaternary ammonium hydroxide of the formula (R1, R2, R3, R4)-N-OH, where R1 and R2 are each an alkyl group of 1-4 carbons, R3 is an alkyl or alkenyl group of 1-18 carbons, and R4 is an alkyl or alkenyl group of 1-18 carbons, a phenyl, an alkyl-phenyl group where the alkyl portion has 1-18 carbons, a benzyl, or an alkyl-benzyl group where the alkyl portion has 1-18 carbons. A preferred basic compound is sodium hydroxide. The polyimide etched is made from the anhydride of pyromellitic acid and 4,4 1 -diaminodiphenyl ether. After etching to roughen its surface, the polyimide is subjected to electroless plating.

Phosphorylated 3-deoxy-2-ketaldonic acids.

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the phosphorylated 3-deoxy-2-ketaldonic acids. The α -hydroxy group of a phosphorylated 3-deoxyaldonic acid is selectively oxidized by chlorate in the presence of vanadium oxide and phosphoric acid, and the keto acid is isolated by ion exchange chromatography. For the preparation of 3- deoxy-D-erythro-hex-2-ulosonic acid 6-phosphate, to a mixture of glucometasaccharinic acid 6-phosphate, 3 lithium salt (930 mg), commercial vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 , 9 mg), and potassium chlorate (129 mg), 3 ml of water containing 0.105 ml of phosphoric acid (85%, d , 1.71) is added. The mixture is well shaken, and is passed through a column (100 ml) of Amberlite IR-120 (or Dowex 50) ion exchange resin in the H + form, and the pH of the acidic effluent is brought to 7.5 by addition of 1 N ammonium hydroxide solution. For the preparation of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-hept-2-ulosonic acid 7-phosphate, 2-Deoxy D-arabino- hexose 6-phosphate 6 (“2-deoxy D-glucose 6-phosphate”), 1.2 g, Li salt, are dissolved in water (5 ml) and KCN (780 mg) is added. The mixture is kept in a closed vessel in the cold room for 48 hr and then decationized by passing through a column (100 ml) of Amberlite IR-120 ion exchange resin in the H + form. For the preparation of 3-deoxy D-arabino- hept - 2-ulosonate 7-phosphate, the Ba salt (530 mg) is suspended in water (10 ml), and sufficient Amberlite IR-120 H + resin is added to bind all the Ba ions. The mixture is well stirred, and the resin is filtered off and thoroughly washed with water. 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate can be obtained from the relatively inexpensive 2-deoxyglucose by preparing its α -methyl pyranoside, which is transformed into the 6-phosphate.

Isocyanurate compounds and processes for preparing same

Abstract: Phenylisocyanuric acid is reacted with acrylonitrile in the presence of N-benzyltrimethyl ammonium hydroxide; 40% in methanol, in an inert solvent at 75 DEG C. to 150 DEG C to produce 1,3-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-5-phenylisocyanurate. The 1,3-bis(2-cyanoethyl)-5-phenylisocyanurate is then heated with a mineral acid to produce 1,3-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-phenylisocyanurate.