Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1978"

Water based window, glass and chrome cleaner composition

Abstract: A water based cleaning composition including a major portion of water, a minor portion of a cleaning agent such as ammonium hydroxide or a lower alcohol such as isoproponal and a small portion of a polyethylene glycol of high molecular weight which not only acts as a lubricant but has a preferential affinity for glass and the like as compared with oil, grease, dirt and/or a lubricity component such as ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate.

Extracting tungsten from ores and concentrates

Abstract: A process for recovering tungsten from tungsten bearing ores comprises producing a concentrate from the ore and leaching the concentrate at atmospheric pressure in a strong mineral acid solution, for example, a solution of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid within a temperature range of from 40° to 90 Centigrade for from one to four hours in the presence of an inorganic complexing agent, and adding an ammonium salt compound for precipitating the tungsten. The precipitate is then dissolved in Ammonium Hydroxide and the tungsten recovered as Ammonium Paratungstate.

Method of preparing a metal-cation-deficient crystalline borosilicate

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preparing a metal-cation-deficient crystalline borosilicate, which method comprises: (1) preparing a mixture containing an oxide of silicon that is substantially free of metal cations, an oxide of boron, ammonium hydroxide, alkylammonium cation or a precursor of an alkylammonium cation, and water; and (2) maintaining the mixture at suitable reaction conditions to effect formation of the borosilicate. There are also disclosed the crystalline borosilicate that results from the above-described method of preparation and uses of that borosilicate.

Catalytic oxidation of mercaptan in petroleum distillate including quaternary ammonium hydroxide

Abstract: A process for treating a mercaptan-containing sour petroleum distillate is disclosed. The process comprises passing said distillate in admixture with an oxidizing agent through a fixed bed of a supported mercaptan oxidation catalyst at oxidation conditions in the presence of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide.

Process for removing SO2 from effluent gases and for removing heat stable salts from systems in which they accumulate using an anion exchange resin

Abstract: EFFLUENT GASES AND FOR REMOVING HEAT STABLE SALTS FROM SYSTEMS IN WHICH THEY ACCUMULATE USING AN ANION EXCHANGE RESIN ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Improvement in processes for the selective removal of sulfur dioxide with respect to carbon dioxide from a gas mixture containing same wherein the gas mixture is contacted with an aqueous absorbent solution, such as alkanolamine, alkali metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or sulfites thereof, to remove sulfur dioxide from the gas mixture and form a SO2-rich aqueous absorbent solution which is moved to a stripping zone where sulfur dioxide is driven off to form a SO2-depleted aqueous absorbent solution which is recycled and re-contacted with the gas mixture, the improvement comprising removing sulfur oxyanions of heat stable salts which accumulate in the aqueous absorbent solution by contacting a portion of it with an anion exchange resin having hydroxyl anions displaceable by the heat stable sulfur oxyanions whereby the hydroxyl anions of the resin are replaced by the heat stable divalent sulfur oxyanions which are thus taken out of the solution The anion exchange resin preferably is a strong base anion exchange resin which can be regenerated by contacting it with aqueous sodium hydroxide to replace the heat stable sulfur oxyanions on said resin with hydroxyl anions

Production of lead monoxide from lead sulfate with acidic ammonium acetate

Abstract: TITLE: PRODUCTION OF LEAD MONOXIDE FROM LEAD SULFATE WITH ACIDICAMMONIUM ACETATE ABSTRACT: An efficient and inexpensive method for producing lead monoxide from impure lead sulfate bearing materials such as recycled battery mud is provided comprising: (a) reacting said material with an ammonium carbonate solution to convert lead sulfate to lead carbonate; (b) decomposing the lead carbonate to produce impure lead monoxide; (c) reacting said impure lead monoxide with an acidic ammonium acetate solution to form a lead acetate solution; (d) reacting ammonium hydroxide with the lead acetate solution to form lead hydroxide; and (e) dehydrating the lead hydroxide to produce lead monoxide.

Process of regenerating and recovering lead sulphate-containing wastes

Abstract: A process of regenerating and recovering lead from lead sulphate-containing wastes which comprises (i) contacting the lead battery scrap with an aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate to form lead carbonate and ammonium sulphate, (ii) subjecting the solid phase containing the lead carbonate obtained by solid-liquid separation of the reaction product so formed to roast-reduction at a temperature ranging from about 350° C. to about 700° C. in the presence of a carbon material reducing agent to generate and recover the lead, (iii) double decomposing the liquid phase containing the ammonium sulphate obtained by said solid-liquid separation by the addition of calcium hydroxide in an amount such that the molar ratio of the calcium hydroxide added, expressed as Ca(OH) 2 /(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , is about 1.05 to about 1.90 and that the concentration of a calcium sulfate slurry formed as a by-product is about 5 to about 10%, and further contacting ammonium hydroxide thus formed with carbon dioxide gas, to recover ammonium carbonate in a form of an aqueous solution for reuse in said contacting step (i), and (iv) recycling the aqueous ammonium carbonate solution of step (iii) to step (i).

Continuous process for expanding tobacco

Abstract: A continuous process of expanding tobacco with carbon dioxide and ammonia is disclosed which comprises contacting tobacco with concentrated ammonium hydroxide, mixing the ammonium hydroxide-treated tobacco with ground solid carbon dioxide, thereafter expanding the tobacco by means of heat and equilibrating the expanded tobacco until equilibrium moisture content is attained. Concentrated aqueous solutions of ammonium carbamate may be substituted for the ammonium hydroxide and solid carbon dioxide in the process. The tobacco may be expanded in an atmosphere of hot steam or gas, or by means of microwave or radiant heat energy. The process allows impregnation and expansion of tobacco to be effected without interruption on a production line.

Method of separating iron from uranium

Abstract: In uranium recovery by solvent extraction processes, uranium is separated from iron in an organic extract by stripping the extract with a dilute aqueous solution containing carbonate ions, hydroxyl ions, and ammonium or alkali metal ions. The iron precipitates during stripping as Fe2 O3.nH2 O which is filtered off. The uranium is then precipitated from the filtrate as UO3.2H2 O by steam stripping or as ammonium diuranate by lowering the pH to about 2 to decompose the carbonate then raising it with ammonia or ammonium hydroxide to about 7.

Method of dispersing alpha alumina monohydrate

Abstract: A method of forming an aqueous dispersion of alpha alumina monohydrate by subjecting a mixture of water and alpha alumina monohydrate to high shear rates. The process is further enhanced by having the mixture contain a small amount of a base selected from a water soluble alkali metal hydroxide, carbonate or oxide. The invention is also directed to a water dispersable alpha alumina monohydrate composition comprising solid particulate alpha alumina monohydrate having from 1 to 5% by weight of an alkali metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate or ammonium hydroxide substantially uniformly mixed therewith.

Recovery of TiO2 from ilmenite-type ore using an organophosphoric acid extractant for impurity iron removal

Abstract: An improved process is described for producing titanium dioxide from ilmenite-type ore. The ore is digested with aqueous hydrogen fluoride, the resulting liquid mixture treated with a water-soluble oxidizing agent, and the ferric iron impurities, in the resulting digestion solution, at a pH between about 1.0 and 6.0, are extracted out with a mono-or dialkyl, or mono- or di-(alkylphenyl) orthophosphoric acid, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid. The remaining solution is treated with ammonium hydroxide to precipitate hydrated titanium dioxide which is then calcined to form pigmentary titanium dioxide. Alkali metal and ammonium salts of the organophosphoric acid are also useful in the process.

Infrared band intensities in ammonium hydroxide and ammonium salts

Abstract: We have applied Kramers-Kronig analysis to reflection spectra to determine the optical constants of ammonium hydroxide and of aqueous solutions of ammonium chloride and bromide From considerations of the absorption indices k(nu) we conclude that ammonium hydroxide consists of a solution of NH3 in water, in which NH3 molecules are hydrogen bonded to neighboring water molecules The spectrum of ammonium hydroxide differs from the spectra of ammonium salts, in which bands characteristic of NH4(+) ions are prominent The existence of ammonium hydroxide as an aerosol in planetary atmospheres is briefly discussed

Process for producing purified ammonium molybdate solution

Abstract: Molybdenum trioxide containing potassium is heated to a temperature sufficiently high (i.e. at least about 525° C.) to render the potassium soluble in hot water, the heated trioxide is quenched to less than about 400° C. at a rate of at least about 30° C. per minute, the quenched trioxide is leached with hot water (between about 50° C. and about 100° C.) to leach the solubilized potassium and after liquid-solids separation the molybdenum trioxide is dissolved in ammonium hydroxide to form ammonium molybdates, which can be recovered from solution and then can be calcined to chemical grade molybdic oxide. The process is advantageously conducted in conjunction with the roasting of molybdenite.

Modified amorphous polyolefin based hot-melt adhesives

Abstract: The hot-melt adhesives of the present invention comprise amorphous polyolefins grafted with carboxyl monomers and modified with tetra alkyl ammonium hydroxide compounds and pivalolactone. These hot-melt adhesive compositions have a novel combination of properties such as elevated temperature shear properties.

Rifamycin derivatives and process for their preparation

Abstract: 8-amino and 8-iminorifamycins S and SV are prepared by reacting 8-methoxyrifamycin S with ammonia in an inert polar and hydrophillic solvent, converting the 8-iminorifamycin S into 8 aminorifamycin S by reaction with ammonium hydroxide in a mixture of chloroform and methanol and, if so desired, reducing the S forms to SV forms by reduction.

Process aids for heat cured silicone rubber compositions

Abstract: There is provided process aids for heat cured silicone rubber compositions which are the reaction product of a cyclictrisiloxane, and water or an aliphatic alcohol found in the presence of a catalyst which may be selected from certain moderate to high strength organic acids, lithium hydroxide, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide and primary amines. The advantage of such a process aid is that it is considerably less expensive to produce in silicone manufacturing facilities than the more traditional process aids that have been used in the past.

Process for the recovery of uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid

Abstract: In a process for the recovery of uranium from a wet-process phosphoric acid, comprising treating in an extraction step the preliminarily oxidized acid first with an organic solvent consisting essentially of a dialkylphosphoric acid and a trialkyphosphine oxide dissolved in an inert and unreactive organic solvent whereby there are obtained a uranium-free phosphoric acid and an organic extract consisting essentially of the solvent containing the major portion of uranium; then, in a reextraction step, separating the uranium from the organic extract as ammonium uranyl tricarbonate by reacting the organic extract with ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate; and recycling the uranium-free solvent to the extraction step; an improvement comprises treating the organic extract in a reextraction apparatus having at least two stages, by (a) introducing the extract at the head of the first stage; (b) countercurrently introducing ammonia or ammonium hydroxide solution at the bottom of the first stage; the pH of the first stage being controlled and maintained at a value of 8.0 to 8.5; (c) introducing an ammonium carbonate aqueous solution at the bottom of the last stage; the amount of ammonium carbonate employed being 50-80 percent by weight of the theoretical molar quantity which is necessary to neutralize the dialkylphosphoric acid contained in the solvent and to convert the uranium to ammonium uranyl tricarbonate; and (d) regenerating the ammoniated solvent obtained after the reextraction step by treating it with an acid before recycling it to the extraction step.

Effect of Ammonium Hydroxide on Thiamine and Available Micronutrients in Ponderosa Pine Sapwood

Abstract: AMBURGEY, T. L., and B. R. JOHNSON. 1978. Effect of ammonium hydroxide on thiamine and available micronutrients in ponderosa pine sapwood. Phytopathology 68: 951-954. The amounts of thiamine and micronutrients available for that this treatment affected other growth factors in the wood fungal metabolism was decreased, but not rendered as well. Gloeophyllum trabeum grew on media containing completely unavailable, in ponderosa pine sapwood treated hydroxide-treated wood. Results suggested that the with either ammonia gas or ammonium hydroxide and increased decay resistance of alkali-treated wood may be due heated to 76.7 C. Growth of Phycomyces blakesleeanus and to factors that inhibit germination of basidiospores, not sporulation of Aspergillus niger were inhibited on media thiamine or micronutrient depletion alone. containing hydroxide-treated wood. This response suggested Additional key words: wood preservation, wood decay, fungi. Wood has been protected from decay by preservation Wood samples.-One yr before testing began, three with toxic substances. Because treating wood with alkali kinds of treatments were applied to wood samples at high temperatures increases decay resistance in both prepared from freshly cut ponderosa pine (Pinus the laboratory and field (1,5), alkali treatments have been ponderosa Laws.) sapwood furnished by the National proposed as an alternative method of wood protection. Woodwork Manufacturers Association: nontreated, The alkali treatment may destroy thiamine (3), which is treated with ammonium hydroxide, and treated with essential for the growth of many wood-decay fungi. The ammonia gas. The two alkali treatments are both treatment also may increase decay resistance in wood by commercially feasible. Wood to be treated with reducing the availability of micronutrients essential for ammonium hydroxide was kiln dried to approximately fungal growth (1) or by increasing the pH or ammoniacal 10% moisture content before being pressure treated with nitrogen content (6). The objectives of this study were to 3.2% aqueous ammonium hydroxide by means of the full determine whether alkali-treated wood contained cell process, heated at 76.7 C for 6 hr, and redried in a kiln. sufficient thiamine to support fungal growth, had fewer Wood to be treated with ammonia was infused with a available micronutrients than nontreated wood, and was 16.02 kg/ m (1 lb/ft) retention of ammonia gas to give an able to support the growth of the wood-decay fungus ammonium hydroxide concentration within the greenGloeophyllum trabeum (Pers. ex Fr.) Murr. wood of approximately 3.2% and then was heated to 76.7 C and kiln dried. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six to 8 mo after preparation, samples of nontreated and treated wood were macerated separately in a Wiley The presence of thiamine or micronutrients was mill to furnish a wood meal that passed a 420 X 420 Am determined by measuring the thallus weight and amount (40-mesh) sieve. of sporulation of test fungi after 7 days of growth on a Media.-All media were prepared in acid-washed chemically defined medium used either alone or glassware that had been rinsed in double-distilled water. supplemented with treated or nontreated wood meal. The chemically defined medium of Houston et al. (7), Bioassays were performed for thiamine on Phycomyces minus thiamine and agar, was used in all tests. The blakesleeanus Burgeff (7), a thiamine-requiring fungus, ingredients per liter were: macronutrients-KH 2PO4 1.5 and for micronutrients on Aspergillus niger Van g, MgSO 4.7H 2O 0.5 g, asparagine 5.0 g, glucose 50.0 g; Tieghem, a fungus sensitive to changes in micronutrients micronutrients-Fe2(SO4) 3 0.19 mg, ZnSO 4.7H 2O 0.40 (9, 10). Isolates of P. blakesleeanus (ATCC 8743a, plus mg, CuSO 4 0.05 mg, MnSO 4\"H2O 0.03 mg, H3BO 3 0.03 strain) and A. niger (ATCC 10581) were obtained from mg, (NH 4)6Mo 7O24\"4H 2O 0.02 mg; and glass-distilled the American Type Culture Collection. The brown-rot water 976 ml. fungus, G. trabeum (Madison 5031 isolate), was used to Micronutrients were added to the medium as aqueous determine the effects of treated wood on the growth of a solutions; 24 ml were required. In one test with A. niger, a wood-decay fungus. composite micronutrient solution was added to the 00032-949X/78/000165$03.00/0 medium in varying quantities. In all tests, 5.0 g activated Copyright © 1978 The American Phytopathological Society, 3340 charcoal (Norite-A) was added per liter of medium and Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121. All rights reserved, boiled for 5 min before it was filtered to remove vitamins

Hydrosol droplet casting process for production of nuclear fuel and breeder material granules

Abstract: A hydrosol containing, in nitrate form, a fuel or fuel-and-breeder material which is projected horizontally in the form of droplets into a gas phase containing gaseous ammonia and allowed to fall in a drip-casting column into a precipitation bath containing ammonium hydroxide. In the gas phase, the droplets are hardened just enough to prevent their deformation upon penetrating into the precipitation bath where the hardening is completed. A falling height of 5 cm is suitable. The granules are washed free of ammonium nitrate, then dried, and then sintered. The heavy metal content in the hydrosol is between 1.5 and 3 moles per liter, and the pH value of the precipitation bath is between 8 and 9. The hydrosol contains the heavy metal in oxide form and the process can be used with a thorium oxide hydrosol or a hydrosol that, in addition to thorium oxide, contains the oxide of hexavalent uranium, in the latter case the hexavalent uranium being present in a proportion up to 25% by weight of the total heavy metal. The process is also applicable to producing kernels of mixed thorium and plutonium oxides. In the case of uranium-containing granules, the sintering step is carried out in a reducing atmosphere to convert the uranium to the tetravalent state.

Athlete's foot treatment

Abstract: The use of a solution of oleic acid, acetone, ammonium hydroxide and water as a treatment of athlete's foot and ringworm. The treatment comprises a topical application of the solution or for cases of acute athlete's foot, soaking the affected members in a diluted solution. The solution comprises about 4 parts oleic acid mixed with acetone. The oleic acid and acetone mixture is then mixed with 8 parts of aqua ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) to form a concentrated solution. This concentrated solution is then diluted with 128 parts of water for soaking applications and 32 parts water for topical applications.

Process for the preparation of methacrylamide from methylmethacrylate

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of methacrylamide by the reaction of methylmethacrylate with a molar excess of aqueous ammonium hydroxide at or near ambient temperatures to provide a high purity and yield of methacrylamide reaction product that is compatible in the preparation of isocyanate resins. Optional surfactants and alkoxide catalysts may be utilized to increase the rate of the reaction of methylmethacrylate with ammonia which may be further fostered by the addition of gaseous ammonia to the aqueous ammonium hydroxidemethylmethacrylate reaction mixture to yield methacrylamide according to the general equation: ##STR1##

Tris-hydroxyethyl-rutin prodn. - by reacting rutin with ethylene oxide in anhydrous organic solvent in the presence of quat. ammonium hydroxide as catalyst

Abstract: In the prodn. of tris-hydroxyethyl-rutin (I) by reaction of rutin with >=3 molar proportions of ethylene oxide at elevated temp. in the presence of a catalyst, (A) a quat. ammonium hydroxide (pref. in a concn. of 5-20 mol. %, based on rutin) is used as the catalyst; (b) the reaction is carried out in an anhydrous solvent, and (c) (I) formed is crystallised out by cooling and sepd. (I) is a pharmaceutical with a capillary-sealing effect. Its water-solubility makes it suitable for use in injection solns. (I) is obtd. in relatively pure form without the need for additional, expensive purificn. Quat. ammonium catalysts give relatively high reaction rates even in the anhydrous organic solvents required for (I) to be directly crystallised from the reaction mixt.

Apparatus for treating spent hydrochloric acid

Abstract: Apparatus for treating spent hydrochloric acid from a galvanizing pickling bath wherein the spent acid is neutralized with ammonium hydroxide and aerated to form a solution of ammonium chloride with suspended iron oxides and hydroxides. The ammonium chloride solution, freed of the magnetite, is usable as a recycle material in the galvanizing process.