Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1979"

Ammonium Hydroxide Treatment on Wheat Straw

Abstract: Chopped wheat straw, containing increasing amounts of added water was treated with a constant level of ammonia (33 percent of straw dry matter) as ammonium hydroxide, and stored for I to 60 days before determing in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD MD), nitrogen content and fiber-bound nitrogen (ADF-N) versus free ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) of the treated sample The overall improvement (eg, mean of all day X moisture treatment combinations) in IVDMD of treated versus untreated straw was about 33 percent, whereas nitrogen content of treated straw was increased from 46 percent crude protein to 110 percent crude protein Fiber-bound nitrogen and NH3N accounted for 126 and 434 percent of the retained nitrogen, respectively, when averaged across all day X moisture treatment combinations The ammonium hydroxide treatment increased straw digestibility by (I) directly decreasing the total cell wall fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose fractions (perhaps by solubilization effects), and (2) increasing the digestibility of the NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose fiber fractions

Catalytic composite useful for the treatment of mercaptan-containing sour petroleum distillate

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic composite especially useful in the treatment of sour mercaptan-containing petroleum distillates. The catalytic composite comprises a metal chelate, an alkali metal hydroxide, and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide disposed on an adsorptive support. Also disclosed is a method for treating sour mercaptan-containing petroleum distillates by contacting the distillates at oxidation conditions with the foregoing catalytic composite.

Dilution stable water based magnetic fluids

Abstract: A dilution stable water based magnetic fluid is provided by dispersing magnetic particles in water with the aid of a C10 -C15 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. The magnetic particles are preferably particles of magnetite, prepared by precipitation of dissolved iron chloride salts from aqueous solution by the use of ammonium hydroxide. The preferred acids used in preparing the dispersions are dodecanoic (C12) and tridecanoic (C13).

Reaction flavors for smoking products

Abstract: Reaction flavors for smoking compositions are disclosed. The flavors are prepared by reacting reducing sugars and selected amino acids in the presence of ammonium hydroxide and optionally in the presence of an aldehyde in an essentially solvent-free system. The thus prepared flavors may be incorporated in tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, non-tobacco substitutes or mixtures thereof.

Electrochemical oxidation of alkyl aromatic compounds

Abstract: Aromatic ketones may be prepared by subjecting an alkyl aromatic compound containing more than one carbon atom in the alkyl substituent to an electrical energy which includes a direct electrical current in the presence of a nucleophile such as an organometallic oxide, a solvent and a reaction initiator such as an alkali metal hydroxide and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide to produce a ketal, following which the ketal may be converted to the desired ketone by hydrolysis.

Process for handling and solidification of radioactive wastes from pressurized water reactors

Abstract: Borate-containing radioactive waste waters are treated by the addition of an alkali metal hydroxide and/or ammonium hydroxide (including non-detrimentally substituted ammonium hydroxides) in an amount effective to prevent precipitation of the borates at temperatures at or near the ambient temperature range, herein meaning about 60° F-90° F The invention is ideally practiced in conjunction with the disposal of such wastes by encapsulation wherein an encapsulating binder material or monomer is polymerized in situ with the waste under exothermic reaction conditions

Latex foam rubber

Abstract: The gel range of acid-acting delayed-action gelling agents, such as sodium silicofluoride, in latex spread foam compounds which are to be gelled by subjecting them to a preliminary heat treatment prior to drying is substantially broadened by including a water-soluble ammonium or amine sulfamate in the compound. At least 0.5 parts by weight of the sulfamate should be used per 100 parts by weight of dry solids in the starting uncompounded latex. It can be added to the latex at any time before or during the compounding step and it is preferably added with 0.5-1 part of a soap per part of sulfamate and also with sufficient ammonium hydroxide or other ammonia donor compound to maintain the pH of the compounded latex composition at 9.5 or higher.

Interaction of [(3)H] gibberellin A 1 with a sub-cellular fraction from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) hypocotyls : II. Stability and properties of the association.

Abstract: Radioactive 2,000 g pellets (2KP) derived from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) hypocotyl sections incubated with [(3)H]gibberellin A1 ([(3)H]GA1) were subjected to a range of treatments to test the stability of labelling. The labelled association was stable in 0.1 M buffer at pH 3 and pH 9 and also in 1 M salt, organic solvents, protease or cellulase. Both 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide tissue solubiliser effected an 80% release of incorporated [(3)H]. No radioactivity was released during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel chromatography of KOH digests indicated the presence of labelled compounds with a higher molecular weight than GA1. This material remained near to the origin during high-voltage paper electrophoresis. Calculations based upon KOH extraction of 2KP material suggested that 5 to 20% of the total uptake of [(3)H]GA1 could be recovered from this fraction. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Regeneration of carbon employed in the wet process production of phosphoric acid

Abstract: In a process for regenerating the activated carbon and in the purification of brown phosphoric acid or alkali phosphates obtained via the so-called wet process employing mineral acid digestion of crushed phosphate rock, the activated carbon used to filter brown H 3 PO 4 is removed from service, washed with water, the initial washings being recovered to reclaim phosphoric acid, and then steeped in a basic aqueous solution, e.g., aqueous alkali hydroxide, alkali carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, loweralkyl amines or loweralkanol amines. After again water washing the activated carbon, to remove residual base, the activated carbon is either returned to service or steeped in an aqueous solution of mineral acid, e.g., sulfuric, hydrochloric, or nitric acid, again washed with water to remove residual acid and returned to service. Usually, the acid steep need not be employed with every base cycle to maintain good decolorization, although if desired the acid steep can be used with each caustic cycle.

Process for reducing the contents of lipids and nucleic acid in microbial cell masses

Abstract: A process for reducing the content of lipids and nucleic acids in a microbial cell mass to be used for food and feeding purposes, which comprises treating the cell mass with ammonia or ammonium hydroxide and with isopropanol or an organic solvent of the formula R.sub.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OR.sub.2 wherein either R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen, and n stands for one, two or three, or R 1 is hydroxy, R 2 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and n stands for two or three, and, after separation of the liquid, washing the residue with water, separating the aqueous phase and drying the residue.

Method for producing extra fine cobalt metal powder

Abstract: Extra fine cobalt metal powder (up to about 0.8 microns) having less than 100 parts per million cation impurities is produced by a process in which cobalt pentammine chloride is digested in a dilute ammonium hydroxide solution to form a black precipitate, which is separated and heated in a hydrogen atmosphere to reduce the precipitate directly to cobalt metal powder. The cobalt pentammine chloride may be obtained by digesting a cobalt source in hydrochloric acid, adding ammonium hydroxide, oxidizing the cobaltous ion to cobaltic ion, and reducing the pH with hydrochloric acid to less than 1.0 in order to precipitate cobalt pentammine chloride. The final cobalt metal powder is useful, for example, as a starting material in the manufacture of cemented carbides.

Process for producing cobalt metal powder

Abstract: A method for producing extra fine cobalt metal powder (up to 1.7 FSSS) by the digestion of cobalt pentammine chloride in a dilute ammonium hydroxide solution to form a cobalt-containing precipitate, followed by reducing the precipitate in a hydrogen atmosphere to cobalt metal powder, is improved by: (a) adding NaOH to the mother liquor containing cobalt species in solution, to form a cobalt-containing precipitate; and (b) either heating the precipitate in hydrogen to reduce it to cobalt metal powder or recycling the precipitate as a cobalt source for the formation of cobalt pentammine chloride. The final cobalt metal powder is useful, for example, as a starting material in the manufacture of cemented carbides.

Nicotinamide-ammonium hydroxide plant growth regulator compositions

Abstract: A plant growth regulator comprising as an active ingredient at least one member selected from the group of nicotinamide and analogues of nicotinic acid.

Composition and method for sizing textiles

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition and method for sizing textiles which employs as the sizing agent a mixed salt comprising the reaction product of an interpolymer with a fixed alkali base and a fugitive alkali base; the latter subsequently being volatilized away during processing of the sized textile. The interpolymer comprises (a) 1.0 molar proportion of a maleic or fumaric acid or anhydride or partial ester, (b) from 0.1 to 3.0 molar proportion of a monovinylidene aromatic monomer and (c) from zero to a finite molar proportion of an alpha-olefin, a vinyl ester, alpha-beta-ethylenically unsaturated nitrile, an acrylic or methacrylic ester or a vinyl alkyl ether. From 10 to 70% of the free carboxyl groups of the interpolymer are combined with fixed base, i.e., non-valatile amine or alkali metal base, and from 5 to 90% of said free carboxyl groups are combined with fugitive base, i.e., ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or volatile amine.

Process for the elution of ion exchange resins in uranium recovery

Abstract: Process for the recovery of uranium from a pregnant lixiviant employed in uranium leaching operations in which the uranium is concentrated by ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resin is eluted with an eluant containing 0.05-0.5 molar ammonium carbonate. The eluant also contains a base such as ammonium hydroxide in an amount sufficient to increase the pH to a value within the range of 9.0-11.0, thus increasing the carbonate/bicarbonate ratio. This enables the use of a relatively small quantity of ammonium carbonate to provide the desired carbonate ion concentration during the elution step.

Production of monoalkyleneglycols, monoalkanolamines and alkylenediamine

Abstract: A method for the formation of monoalkyleneglycols, monoalkanolamines and alkylenediamines, comprising the steps of: (a) reacting ammonia or ammonium carbonate with an alkylenecarbonate to form a carbamate, (b) heating the carbamate to form a monoalkyleneglycol, an alkyleneurea and a 2-oxazolidinone, (c) further reacting the alkyleneurea and the 2-oxazolidinone with ammonium hydroxide to form ammonia or ammonium carbonate, a monoalkanolamine, and an alkylenediamine, (d) separating the ammonia or ammonium carbonate, the monoalkyleneglycol, the alkylenediamine, and the monoalkanolamine, and (e) recycling the ammonia or ammonium carbonate to reaction step (a).

Organopolysiloxane resins formed with catalysts of formic acid and hydrocarbyl substituted ammonium hydroxide

Abstract: A process for forming organopolysiloxanes from trialkoxysilanes and the resulting resinous products are disclosed, characterized in that the organopolysiloxane resins have increased abrasion and solvent resistance with good shelf life. The organopolysiloxanes are formed by dual catalysts that operate preferably in sequence. Hydrolysis and condensation of the trialkoxysilanes are carried out in an aqueous solution and catalyzed by formic acid at a relatively high strength, such as an amount greater than 700 ppm. Cross-linking of the resulting partially condensed, curable organopolysiloxane is then catalyzed by a hydrocarbyl substituted ammonium hydroxide in which the hydrocarbyl substituent may be alkyl or alkenyl up to about 6 carbon atoms. The resinous products are especially useful as coating compositions.

Treatment of recycled ammonium sulfate-bisulfate solution

Abstract: Ammonium sulfate-bisulfate solution contaminated with metal and other ash producing contaminants is treated by adjusting the pH of the solution to the range that produces a precipitate of the contaminant by the addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide; cooled to at least the temperature at which a precipitate is produced; removing the precipitate from the solution; the pH of the solution from which the precipitate has been removed is adjusted to the range at which precipitation is substantially completed by the addition of sulfuric acid; and the SO 4 = ion concentration and the NH 4 + ion concentration of the solution are adjusted to the range of the solution before initial circulation to produce a solution in which the metal concentration has been sufficiently reduced to permit recycle for use in reclaiming used motor oils.

Preparation of muconic acid mononitriles and copper(II)-ammonia reagent therefor

Abstract: Substituted and unsubstituted phenols, catechols and orthobenzoquinones are converted to muconic acid mononitriles by reaction with copper(II)-ammonia reagent. The copper(II)-ammonia reagents can be prepared by the reaction of cuprous chloride with oxygen or air in liquid ammonia or in ammonium hydroxide or in pyridine followed by addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. The muconic acid mononitriles are useful as monomers or comonomers and as intermediates in the manufacture of substituted and unsubstituted 6-aminocaproic acids, caprolactams and polyamides.

Automatic measuring method of ammonium ion in water

Abstract: PURPOSE: To automatically measure only the ammonium ions rapidly with high sensitivity by letting an aqueous sample solution be adsorbed in the column which has been packed with hydroxide type strong basic anion exchange resins, letting only the ammonium hydroxide elute by water and measuring the same by a flow type detector. CONSTITUTION: A fixed amount of the aqueous sample solution containing ammonium ions is pressure-injected to the upper part of the column which has been packed with hydroxide type strong basic anion exchange resins, whereby it is adsorbed in the resins. Thence, pure water or the mixed solution of pure water and organic solvent is automatically and continuously pressure-injected at a fixed flow rate, so that only the ammonium hydroxide is automatically separated and eluted from the lower part of the column. Next, the ammonium ions in the eluate are detected by using a conductivity detecting method and flow coulometry method respectively independently or the both thereof, and the ammonium ions are automatically measured from the areas or heights of the peaks of the chromatograph thus obtained. COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio

Treatment of crude unsaturated ketone

Abstract: PURPOSE: A crude unsaturated ketone derived from a prenyl halide and a ketone is combined with a trace amount of alkali to effect the decomposition of aldol condensates, by-products, in high efficiency, whereby the ketone product is recovered as a starting material to prevent the reduction in the yield of the ojbective unsaturated ketone. CONSTITUTION: The condensation reaction of a prenyl halide of formula I (X is Cl or Br) with a ketone of formula II [R, R' may form a ring together with CH 2 COCH 2 , when they do not form a ring, they are H, 1W5C alkyl, when forming a ring, -R-R'- are alkylene of -(CR 1 R 2 ) n -(R 1 , R 2 are H, 1W5C alkyl; n is 1W3)] is conducted by the use of an alkaline condensing agent and the reaction mixture is treated to give a purified unsaturated ketone, wherein less than 0.2 equivalent amount, preferably 0.0003W0.1 equivalent amount, based on 1mol of the unsaturated ketone, of an oxide, hydroxide carbonate of alkali or alkaline earth metal or a quarternary ammonium hydroxide or its polymer, is added. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Process for the cultivation of yeast cells

Abstract: Continuous process for the cultivation of yeast cells under aerobic conditions in an aqueous growth medium, to which an aqueous nutrient medium comprising a source of assimilable nitrogen and methanol of a source of assimilable carbon is continuously added. The yeast belongs to the species Candida boidinii and the nutrient medium comprises a primary source of assimilable nitrogen consisting of urea and a secondary source of assimilable nitrogen chosen from ammonia, ammonium hydroxide and ammonium salts, the ratio between nitrogen in the primary source and that in the secondary source being from 2:1 to 1:20.

Removal of sulfur

Abstract: PURPOSE:To remove catalytic poison S in organic compounds, by the contact catalytic reaction of S in organic compounds with quanternary ammonium hydroxide or strongly basic anion-exchange resins having quaternary ammonium hydroxide as an exchange group CONSTITUTION:Organic compounds containing S as catalytic poison (methanol, ethanol, etc) are brough into contact with quaternary ammonium hydroxide of formula I (R , R , R and R are the same or different 1-8C aliphatic or aromatic groups) or strongly basic anion-exchange resins having quaternary ammonium hydroxide as an exhange group of formula II (Q , Q , Q and Q are the same or different 1-8C aliphatic or aromatic groups), to remove S from said organic compounds The amount used is at least 15 mole of quaternary ammonium hydroxide or 15-20 equivalent of the strongly basic anion-exchange resins to 1 gram of free S in organic compounds

Binder for welding materials

Abstract: PURPOSE:Binder for welding materials, containing more than one kind of alkali silicates, specific amount of amine and quanternary ammonium compound and preventing dry cracking and also, heightening binding power. CONSTITUTION:Binder containing alkali silicates, such as high mol ratio water glass, Li contained water glass or Li-silicate etc., as main components and compounding more than one kind of 0.01-10 wt.% of amine against the whole quantity of the binder and quaternary ammonium compounds, is added to the solvent particles of welding materials, such as covered arc welding rod, consumable nozzle for electroslg welding, sintered flux or backing material for uranami welding etc. and for example, the above mixture is coated on the outercircumference of core wire and is dried. By using the above binder, dry cracking is not produced and binding power is increased at the time of the above drying. Especially, superior effect of addition is shown by using the primary, secondary or tertiary amine as amines and trimethyltriethanol ammonium hydroxide as quaternary ammonium compounds.