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Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1981"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A process for the preparation of alkyl amines in which the reagents are generated in situ under mild and convenient reaction conditions is described in this article, where an organoborane is prepared via hydroboration, aqueous ammonium hydroxide is added to the mixture, and two of the alkyls groups in the trialkylborane are converted to the corresponding amines.
Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkyl amines in which the reagents are generated in situ under mild and convenient reaction conditions is described. An organoborane is prepared via hydroboration, aqueous ammonium hydroxide is added, and then aqueous sodium hypochlorite is added to the mixture. Two of the alkyl groups in the trialkylborane are converted to the corresponding amines in good yield. (BLM)

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a continuous reaction scheme for the benzene reduction is described, where at optimum conditions benzene is converted to 1,4-cyclohexadiene at 90% selectivity with nearly quantitative current efficiency.
Abstract: Benzene and other aromatic compounds may be reduced to the 1,4‐dihydro‐derivatives in an undivided cell using a dispersion of hydrocarbon and aqueous quaternary ammonium hydroxide. At optimum conditions benzene is converted to 1,4‐cyclohexadiene at 90% selectivity with nearly quantitative current efficiency. A continuous reaction scheme for the benzene reduction is described.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The preparation of a specimen ready for gas—liquid chromatographic(GLC) analysis with quantitative recovery of sphingolipid fatty acids can be accoomplished in less than 2 h, by comparison, none of a number of well-accepted techniques for the release ofsphingomyelin fatty acids by hydrolysis or methanolysis released the fatty acids quantitatively in more than 3 h, and all required additional manipulations before GLC analysis.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No mutagenic activity was observed in extracts from aqueous biscuit extracts containing sodium ions until some ammonium ions (NH4OH) were added, so ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydroxide should not be used in the extraction procedure of food when studying mutagen formation.

16 citations


Patent
18 Feb 1981
TL;DR: Reducing sugars are reacted with ammonium hydroxide or ammonium salts in the presence of a trace amount of certain amino acids to produce reaction flavors for use in smoking compositions and particularly those having a high content of tobacco stems.
Abstract: Reducing sugars are reacted with ammonium hydroxide or ammonium salts in the presence of a trace amount of certain amino acids to produce reaction flavors for use in smoking compositions and particularly those having a high content of tobacco stems.

14 citations


Patent
21 Aug 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the viscosity of phosphate rock slurries is reduced by incorporating in the slurry both sodium tripolyphosphate and an alkaline material, particularly sodium hydroxide.
Abstract: The viscosity of phosphate rock slurries is reduced by incorporating in the slurry both sodium tripolyphosphate and an alkaline material, particularly sodium hydroxide. The combined amount of these two materials required to achieve a given viscosity reduction is significantly lower than the weighted average of the amounts required for each to produce individually the same viscosity reduction. The defined alkaline materials, other than sodium hydroxide, are sodium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

14 citations


Patent
24 Apr 1981
TL;DR: In this article, an aqueous solution containing an actinide salt with an ammonium hydroxide, ammonium oxalate, or oxalic acid in an amount that will react with a fraction of the actinides salt to form a precipitate consisting of the hydroxides or oxaloate of the actsinide.
Abstract: Nuclear fuel is made by contacting an aqueous solution containing an actinide salt with an aqueous solution containing ammonium hydroxide, ammonium oxalate, or oxalic acid in an amount that will react with a fraction of the actinide salt to form a precipitate consisting of the hydroxide or oxalate of the actinide. A slurry consisting of the precipitate and solution containing the unreacted actinide salt is formed into drops which are gelled, calcined, and pressed to form pellets.

13 citations


Patent
15 Oct 1981
TL;DR: In this article, an epoxy resin composition having a short curing time, excellent transparency and a low cure shrinkage, prepared by mixing epoxy resins with an acid anhydride type curing agent, a quat ammonium hydroxide and an alcohol or water, is presented.
Abstract: PURPOSE:An epoxy resin composition having a short curing time, excellent transparency and a low cure shrinkage, prepared by mixing an epoxy resin with an acid anhydride type curing agent, a quat ammonium hydroxide and an alcohol or water CONSTITUTION:To 100ptswt epoxy resin are added 60-160ptswt curing agent comprising an acid anhydride 005-1ptwt quat ammonium hydroxide represented by the formula, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each a C1-5 alkyl, benzyl or phenyl, and acting as a cure accelerator and 05-10ptswt alcohol or water Examples of the acid anhydride include phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride Examples of the quat ammonium hydroxide include benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and ethyltri-n-propyl-ammonium hydroxide Examples of the alcohol include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol As the water distilled water is used

12 citations


Patent
23 Mar 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the inside of an electrolytic cell is partitioned by a cation exchange membrane into an anode chamber 3 and a cathode chamber 4, and a anode 5 and cathode 6 are provided in each chamber.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To manufacture organic ammonium hydroxide of extra high purity, by electrolyzing the organic ammonium salt of specified composition in an electrolyzing cell which makes a cation exchange membrane as a diaphragm. CONSTITUTION: The inside of an electrolytic cell 1 is partitioned by a cation exchange membrane 2 into an anode chamber 3 and a cathode chamber 4, and an anode 5 and a cathode 6 are provided in each chamber. The aqueous solution of organic ammonium salt of tetramethylammoniumchloride etc. represented in the formulaIof which concentration is 5W30wt% is circulated through the anode chamber 3 via an outlet 8, a liquid bath 9, being supplied from an inlet 7. And the dilute water of organic ammonium hydroxide such as ca. 1% concentration of tetramethylammoniumhydroxide etc. represented in the formula II as the product is circulated through the cathode chamber 4 via an outlet 13, a solvent bath 14, being supplied from an inlet 12. Electrolysis is done at the temperature 10W40°C and at the current density of 1W50A/dm 2 in the both electrode chambers and it is continued until the concentration of tetramethylammoniumhydroxide rises to 2W30wt%. COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio

10 citations


Patent
Jr. John M. Crone1
16 Nov 1981
TL;DR: A coating solution, useful in the process of coating a substrate with an alumina film, can be formed by adding to an alkali aluminate solution a sufficient quantity of alumina gel which is a precipitate formed by the reaction of aluminum sulfate with aqueous ammonium hydroxide at a pH of between about 6 and 8 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A coating solution, useful in the process of coating a substrate with an alumina film, can be formed by adding to an alkali aluminate solution a sufficient quantity of an alumina gel which is a precipitate formed by the reaction of aluminum sulfate with aqueous ammonium hydroxide at a pH of between about 6 and 8. The added alumina gel effects a coating of an adherent alumina trihydrate film on a substrate upon the contacting of the substrate with the coating solution.

9 citations


Patent
11 Aug 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a cobalt sulfate solution with hydrogen under a partial hydrogen pressure of at least 1 megapascal and at a temperature at least 180°C was used to produce dense cobalt powder.
Abstract: Dense cobalt powder having coarse, relatively uniformly sized particles can be produced by reducing a cobalt sulphate solution with hydrogen under a partial hydrogen pressure of at least 1 megapascal and at a temperature of at least 180°C. The sulphuric acid generated during the reduction must be neutralised by feeding an alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide into the reaction mixture at a rate that does not substantially exceed the molar equivalent of the rate of sulphuric acid production.

Patent
22 Oct 1981
TL;DR: In order to make talc more readily dispersible in an aqueous medium, it is contacted, in a finely divided form, with an alkali metal hydroxides or ammonium hydroxide, whereafter it is thermally dried to remove at least a substantial proportion of the water associated therewith.
Abstract: In order to make talc more readily dispersible in an aqueous medium, it is contacted, in a finely divided form, with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide, it is then washed with clean water, whereafter it is thermally dried to remove at least a substantial proportion of the water associated therewith. The talc thus treated can be suspended in water containing a dispersing agent.

Patent
13 Aug 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a three component extraction system for producing ammonium tungstate from aqueous alkali metal tungstans was presented, where the stripping solution consisted essentially of water and ammonium hydroxide at a pH of from about 12 to about 13.
Abstract: In a three component extraction system for producing ammonium tungstate from aqueous alkali metal tungstate from aqueous alkali metal tungstate solution, the stripping solution consists essentially of water and from about 5 to about 21 percent ammonium hydroxide at a pH of from about 12 to about 13 wherein the stripping is carried out by dispersing the aqueous ammonia solution in the loaded organic extractant.

Patent
16 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Water soluble binders for can lacquers are prepared by reacting an epoxy resin (polyglycidyl ether of polyhydric phenol) with an aliphatic amino carboxylic acid, e.g., (glycine, alanine, glutamic acid), wherein at least 50% of the acid groups have been neutralized with a base (alkali metal hydroxide, tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium hydroxides).
Abstract: Water soluble binders for can lacquers are prepared by reacting an epoxy resin (polyglycidyl ether of polyhydric phenol) with an aliphatic amino carboxylic acid, e.g., (glycine, alanine, glutamic acid), wherein at least 50% of the acid groups have been neutralized with a base (alkali metal hydroxide, tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium hydroxide.)

Patent
30 Oct 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a method for reducing the pour point of syncrude, such as those from oil shale, tar sands, oil-impregnated diatomite ore, or coal, by adding an effective amount of a nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or a primary, secondary or tertiary water-soluble aliphatic amine or alkanolamine having one or more alkyl groups containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Abstract: A composition and method for reducing the pour point of syncrude, such as those from oil shale, tar sands, oil-impregnated diatomite ore, or coal, by adding thereto an effective amount of a nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or a primary, secondary or tertiary water-soluble aliphatic amine or alkanolamine having one or more alkyl groups containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Patent
24 Feb 1981
TL;DR: In this article, an alcohol is synthesized by treating olefinic hydrocarbons with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a hydroformylation zone utilizing a rhodium complex catalyst to effect the reaction.
Abstract: Alcohol may be synthesized by treating olefinic hydrocarbons with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a hydroformylation zone utilizing a rhodium complex catalyst to effect the reaction. Following formation of the alcohol, the catalyst may be extracted from the alcohol by treatment with an aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution. Thereafter the aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution containing the catalyst is then stripped of ammonia by treatment with carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide containing gas. The aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution containing the rhodium complex catalyst is then stripped of a portion of water and the remaining solution is thereafter recycled to the hydroformylation zone.

PatentDOI
21 Jul 1981-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the activated carbon used to filter brown H3 PO4 is removed from service, washed with water, the initial washings being recovered to reclaim phosphoric acid, and then steeped in a basic aqueous solution.

Patent
13 Oct 1981
TL;DR: In order to make talc more readily dispersible in an aqueous medium, it is contacted, in a finely divided form, with an alkali metal hydroxides or ammonium hydroxide, whereafter it is thermally dried to remove at least a substantial proportion of the water associated therewith.
Abstract: In order to make talc more readily dispersible in an aqueous medium, it is contacted, in a finely divided form, with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide, it is then washed with clean water, whereafter it is thermally dried to remove at least a substantial proportion of the water associated therewith. The talc thus treated can be suspended in water containing a dispersing agent.

Patent
24 Mar 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, a stable halogenoaminoalcohol derived from an isopropylamine acid addition salt and an epihalohydrin, with a phenolic compound in the presence of an alkaline condensation agent, etc.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare the titled compound in high yield, by reacting a stable halogenoaminoalcohol derived from an isopropylamine acid addition salt and an epihalohydrin, with a phenolic compound in the presence of alkaline condensation agent, etc. CONSTITUTION:The compound of formula III is prepared by reacting (A) an addition salt of a halogenoaminoalcohol of formula I (X is Cl, Br, or I, Y is organic monobasic acid or dibasic acid having 1-10C straight or branched chain or substituted or nonsubstituted aromatic or heterocyclic group, or inorganic weak acid such as boric acid) with (B) a phenolic compound of formula ArOH (Ar is 1- naphthyl or 4-indolyl) in the presence of (C) an alkaline condensation agent such as alkali metal hydroxide or a quaternary ammonium hydroxide or quaternary ammonium alcoholate of formula II (R1-R3 are 1-4C lower alkyl; R4 is 1-4C lower alkyl, etc.; Z is 1-3C lower alkyl). USE:Remedy for cardiopathy such as arrythmia.

Patent
28 Sep 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, a fluorine-containing resin, molybdic acid (salt), phosphoric acid, ammonium hydroxide and colloidal silica was added to an aqueous medium.
Abstract: PURPOSE: The titled composition having improved adhesiveness, providing a nontoxic film having improved heat resistance, obtained by adding a fluorine- contained resin, molybdic acid (salt), phosphoric acid, ammonium hydroxide and colloidal silica to an aqueous medium CONSTITUTION: The desired composition obtained by adding (A) 90W20wt% based on the total amounts of the components A and B of a fluorine-contained resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, etc and (B) 10W80wt% based on the total amounts of the components A and B of (i) molybdic acid (salt), (ii) 1W20mol calculated as orthophosphoric acid based on 1mol component i(calculated as MoO 3 ) of phosphoric acid, (iii) 1W15mol based on 1mol (calculated as MoO 3 ) of ammonium hydroxide, and (iv) 1W20mol based on 1mol (calculated as MoO 3 ) of colloidal silica to an aqueous medium COPYRIGHT: (C)1983,JPO&Japio

Patent
09 Apr 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the organic nitrogen content of ZSM-5 zeolite is reduced to 0.2 wt.% by adding to the reaction mixt. contg.
Abstract: In the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite from a reaction mixt. comprising water, a silicate source, alumina and alkali metal, the organic nitrogen content of the prod. is reduced to =0.2 wt.% by adding to the reaction mixt. (a) ZSM-5 seeds, (b) mixts. of ZSM-5 seeds with alcohol, (c) mixts. of ZSM-5 seeds with alcohol and ammonium hydroxide or (d) mixts. of ZSM-5 seeds with ammonium hydroxide. The alcohol is pref. a 2-5C alkanol, esp. ethanol. The zeolite prod. contg. only small amts. of organic N-contg. cations is readily cation exchanged, to replace the alkali metal cation (usually Na) with H or NH4 or other metal, without the need for prior calcination. Thus the zeolite as produced can simply be contacted with a salt soln. of the desired cation, washed, dried and heated and is ready for use (e.g. as catalyst for (hydro)cracking, M-forming or dewaxing).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The amide formed in urine has been compared to synthetically prepared 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanamide by gas chromatography, thin layer Chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, infrared spectrophOTometry, and mass spectrometry with complete correspondence of chemical properties.
Abstract: Drug isolation from urine by solvent extraction after alkalinization suffers the potential disadvantage of chemically altering desired isolates by hydrolytic reactions. This paper reports a reaction which results in the formation of an amide substance when urine from individuals ingesting clofibrate is treated with ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide and ammonium ion. The amide formed in urine has been compared to synthetically prepared 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanamide by gas chromatography, thin layer chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, infrared spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry with complete correspondence of chemical properties. Conditions under which this amide, the major clofibrate-related entity, formed in urine are those routinely employed in analytical toxicology.

Patent
06 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this article, aqueous can lacquer is prepared by reacting an epoxy resin with an aliphatic amino acid (glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, taurine) in which at least 50% of the acid groups have been neutralized with a base (alkali metal hydroxide, tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium hyroxide).
Abstract: Thermosetting binders, in particular for aqueous can lacquers, are prepared by reacting an epoxy resin with an aliphatic amino acid (glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, taurine) in which at least 50% of the acid groups have been neutralized with a base (alkali metal hydroxide, tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium hydroxide).

Patent
19 Nov 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a coating composition contains partially or completely neutralized carboxyl groups and selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyesteramides, polyestersimides, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
Abstract: A coating composition contains partially or completely neutralized carboxyl groups and selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyesteramides, polyesterimides, and mixtures and combinations thereof, and at least part of the free carboxyl groups in the polyester moiety of the composition is neutralized with a material selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, a primary amine, a secondary amine and a tertiary amine. A process is also disclosed.

Patent
19 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, a continuous process for precipitating uranium from an aqueous solution formed by the hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride gas was described, where the ratio of the two solutions should be such that there are about 20 to about 30 moles of ammonium per mole of uranium.
Abstract: A continuous process is disclosed for precipitating uranium from an aqueous solution formed by the hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride gas. Undersized ammonium diuranate particles are formed in a first container by mixing the aqueous solution and an ammonium hydroxide solution containing about 10 to about 30% by weight ammonium. The ratio of the two solutions should be such that there are about 20 to about 30 moles of ammonium per mole of uranium. The temperature is maintained at about 30° to about 50° C. and the residence time in the first container is about 14 to about 57 seconds. The slurry is then transported to a second container for further particle growth where it is agitated at a temperature of about 20° to 40° C. for a residence time of about 2 to about 9 minutes. The resulting ammonium diuranate precipitate has a surface area of about 10 to about 20 meters squared per gram. The precipitate can then be calcined and pressed into pellets.

Patent
20 Aug 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a method to obtain the titled compound having adjusted pH and flow properties inexpensively by adding a nonionic or aninonic surface active agent to an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of humic acid.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled compound having adjusted pH and flow properties inexpensively, by adding a nonionic or aninonic surface active agent to an aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt of humic acid, etc., followed by adding a humate to the solution. CONSTITUTION:0.1-15pts.wt. based on 100pts.wt. solid content of humate nonionic or anionic surface active agent in a HLB range of 8-18 is added 5-13wt% aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of natural or reprocessed humic acid with its humus or ashes removed, mixed with stirring, and an alkali hadroxide or ammonium hydroxide is used to adjust its pH8-10, to give the titled compound. USE:A soil conditioning material, food additive, additive for diggin fluid of petroleum and natural gas, and coloring agent. EFFECT:Workability is improved and handling is very convenient because of its fluidization.

Patent
13 Mar 1981
TL;DR: Phenol, catechol and orthobenzoquinone are converted to muconic acid mononitrile by reaction with a copper(II)-ammonia reagent as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Phenol, catechol and orthobenzoquinone are converted to muconic acid mononitrile by reaction with a copper(II)-ammonia reagent. The copper(II)-ammonia reagents can be prepared by the reaction of cuprous chloride with oxygen or air in liquid ammonia or in ammonium hydroxide or in pyridine followed by addition of ammonia or ammonium hydroxide. Muconic acid mononitrile is hydrogenated to 6-aminocaproic acid, which can be cyclized to caprolactam.

Patent
25 Sep 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a reductive amination of a 3-fluoro-3-(substituted)-phenylpiruvic acid with an iminating agent such as ammonium hydroxide and a reducing agents such as potassium borohydride is described.
Abstract: NEW MATERIAL:The titled alanine compound of formula I (R is halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, amino, mono- or di-alkylamino, or nitro; n is 1 or 2). EXAMPLE:Etythro-3-fluoro-3-(4-nitrophenyl)alanine. USE:Fungicide, metabolism antagonistic agent, carcinostatic agent, and intermediate for the synthesis of such pharmaceuticals. PROCESS:The compound of formula I is prepared by the reductive amination of a 3-fluoro-3-(substituted)-phenylpiruvic acid of formula II (M is H or salt-forming group) with an iminating agent such as ammonium hydroxide and a reducing agent such as potassium borohydride, at 10-50 deg.C, pref. in a solvent such as water, alcohol, etc.

Patent
09 Jul 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the etching liquid for the phosphorus containing glass is characterized in constituted from 7-45wt% of ammonium hydroxide, 7-20wt%. of hydrogen peroxide and a balance of water.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable the safe and stable etching at an appropriate etching speed as well as to reduce a cost by constituting the titled etching liquid from a specific composition of ammonium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and water. CONSTITUTION:The etching liquid for the phosphorus containing glass is characterized in constituted from 7-45wt% of ammonium hydroxide, 7-20wt%. of hydrogen peroxide and a balance of water. This etching liquid has an appropriate etching speed and it is not necessary to add an expensive chemical agent for controlling the etching speed as a conventional etching liquid as well as handling is safe and accidents are not generated during etching work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The synthesis of L-[35S]cysteine sulfinic acid (L-2-amino-3-[ 35S] sulfino-propanoic acid) in 65% yield from S-[35 S]cystine is described, designed for use with milligram quantities of starting material and requires no purification of intermediates.
Abstract: The synthesis of L-[35S]cysteine sulfinic acid (L-2-amino-3-[35S] sulfino-propanoic acid) in 65% yield from S-[35S]cystine is described. The procedure was designed for use with milligram quantities of starting material and requires no purification of intermediates. L-[35S]Cystine was converted first to its thiosulfonate. Subsequent reaction of the thiosulfonate with ammonium hydroxide generated L-[35S]cysteine sulfinic acid and L-[35S]cystine as the major products. The L-[35S]cystine was recovered and reprocessed thereby increasing the yield.