Showing papers on "Ammonium hydroxide published in 1983"

Polymerization catalysts and methods

Abstract: A polymerization catalyst and method which produces substantially pure silica that is uncontaminated with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions before associating with the resulting support silica the chromium compound which is either a chromium oxide or a chromium compound convertible to the oxide in the heat activating of the catalyst. In general, the catalyst is prepared by hydrolyzing an organosilicate ester to form suspended silica with the hydrolyzing being catalyzed with an aqueous acid solution containing mixed solvents. Next the resulting liquid is neutralized with an alkali free basic solution such as ammonium hydroxide at controlled low temperature. Then sufficient water is added to permit stirring the resulting gel and this is stirred and heated forming a suspended silica. The silica is then separated and dried, associated with the chromium compound and the mixture then heat activated in the presence of oxygen.

Increasing the flow of fluids through a permeable formation

Abstract: Method for treating a formation, particularly one containing finely divided particulate material, to increase the flow of fluids through the formation wherein there is injected therein an organosilicon compound, preferably in a hydrocarbon carrier liquid, followed by injection of steam containing a compound which contains ammoniacal nitrogen, selected from the group consisting of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium salts of inorganic acids, ammonium salts of carboxylic acids, quaternary ammonium halides, amine or substituted amine hydrochlorides, derivatives of ammonium cyanate, and water-soluble ammonia or ammonium ion precursors selected from the group consisting of amides of carbamic acid and thiocarbamic acid, derivatives of such amides, tertiary carboxylic acid amides and their substituted and alkylated derivatives A preferred nitrogen-containing compound is urea

Method of manufacture of a felted fibrous product from a nonaqueous medium

Abstract: Hydrogen bonding between cellulosic fibriles can be improved in an air-laid process by injecting ammonia or organo-amine catalysts and steam into the cellulosic fibrile mass after such fibers have been reduced to fibrile form and prior to their dispersion in air to form a fibrous mat. Prior to and subsequent to the injection of the catalytic bearing steam, the fibers may be combined with other paper forming material, resins, additives and processed in an air-laid paper making process to form a felted fibrous product with a minimal amount of water content and with acceptable strength and density. Suitable catalysts include gaseous ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, or the organo-amines such as triethanol amine, methyl amine, ethyl amine, cyclohexyl amine, or aniline and the homologous series derivatives thereof.

Process for recovering terephthalic acid from waste polyethylene terephthalate

Abstract: Terephthalic acid (TPA) is recovered from used polyethylene terephthalate beverage containers by reacting comminuted containers in a reaction zone with an aqueous medium containing ammonium hydroxide at elevated temperatures and pressures to form a water soluble diammonium salt of TPA, separating any undissolved solids from the reaction product, acidifying the remaining reaction product to liberate TPA, and separating the precipitated TPA. A portion of the liquid remaining after separation of TPA can be mixed with lime or slaked lime, the resulting mixture treated in an ammonia stripper to remove ammonia therefrom and the ammonia overheads from the stripper blended with another portion of the liquid remaining after separation of TPA to form a stream containing ammonium hydroxide which is recycled to the reaction zone. Ethylene glycol can be recovered from the bottoms from the ammonia stripper by distillation.

Manufacturing and using nitrogen fertilizer solutions on a farm

Abstract: To make non-pressure nitrogenous fertilizer solutions, nitrogen oxides are prepared in a continuous process by burning ammonia in contact with a cobalt oxide catalyst started by an electric arc without preheating the gases. This burning forms nitrogen oxides which are reacted under negative pressure in a two-stage system. Nitric acid is formed in the first stage from a portion of the oxides by oxidizing them to nitrogen dioxide and reacting the nitrogen dioxide with water. In the second stage, the remaining nitrogen oxides are reacted at a pH between 8.0 and 8.4 in a gas-liquid contacting apparatus with an ammonium hydroxide reaction liquid, formed by mixing ammonia and water. The ammonium nitrite solution formed in the second stage is mixed with the nitric acid at a pH below 0.2, resulting in a solution of acidic ammonium nitrate to be flowed to the fields with irrigation water.

Quaternary ammonium hydroxide hair relaxer composition

Abstract: Provided is a novel composition for use in hair relaxing. The composition contains a quaternary ammonium hydroxide and a cosmetic base.

Stabilization of aqueous solutions containing hydrogen peroxide, hydrofluoric acid and metal ions

Abstract: Process for improving the stability of aqueous solutions containing hydrogen peroxide, metal ions and hydrofluoric acid which can be partially in the form of salts, comprising adding to the said solution at least one hydroxide selected from alkali metal hydroxides, ammonium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof in an amount which is insufficient to neutralize all the acidity present. The resultant novel stabilized solutions according to the invention are used in the surface treatment of metals especially of stainless steels.

Manufacture of quaternary ammonium hydroxide of high purity

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain quat. ammonium hydroxide of high purity by dividing an electrolytic cell into three or more chambers with plural cation exchange membranes, feeding an aqueous soln. of a specified quat. ammonium salt to the anode chamber, and electrolyzing it. CONSTITUTION: An electrolytic cell is divided into one or more intermediate chambers, cathode and anode chambers with plural cation exchange membranes. An aqueous soln. of a quat. ammonium salt represented by the formula (where each of R 1 WR 4 is 1W10C alkyl, 1W10C hydroxyalkyl, 2W10C alkoxyalkyl, aryl or hydroxyaryl, and X is an acid group) is fed to the anode chamber. Water is fed to the cathode chamber, an aqueous soln. of hydroxide corresponding to said quat. ammonium salt is fed to the intermediate chambers, and the aqueous soln. in the anode chamber is electrolyzed. COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio

Boron- and nitrogen-containing compositions and their use in polycarbonate and polyester-polycarbonate synthesis

Abstract: Boron- and nitrogen-containing compositions prepared by the reaction of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide with a trialkyl or triaryl borate are useful for the preparation of the active catalyst species in the transesterification of reaction for the production of polycarbonates or polyester-polycarbonates from diaryl carbonates (optionally in admixture with diaryl dicarboxylates) and dihydroxyaromatic compounds.

Grafting of polyesters onto carbon black. III. Polymerization of β‐propiolactone initiated by quaternary ammonium carboxylate groups on the surface of carbon black

Abstract: By use of carbon black containing quaternary ammonium carboxylate (COO−N+R4) groups as catalyst, the anionic ring opening polymerization of β-propiolactone (PL) was carried out at 50°C. Although carbon black itself was unable to initiate the polymerization of PL, carbon black containing COO−N+R4 groups, which was prepared by the reaction of carboxyl groups with corresponding quaternary ammonium hydroxide, was found to be able to initiate the polymerization. The carbon black obtained from the polymerization gave a stable colloidal dispersion in an organic solvent, and it was confirmed that the polyester formed was effectively grafted onto the surface. In addition, the effect of quaternary ammonium countercation on the polymerization was investigated.

Method for the preparation of liquid aluminum citrate

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the preparation of a stable solution of aluminum citrate. The method involves combining a solution of aluminum chloride with a solution of citric acid while maintaining vigorous agitation. After formation of the aluminum citrate solution, sufficient alkali metal or ammonium hydroxide is added to increase the pH to a level of 5.5 to 7.5. During addition of the base, the agitation is continued and the temperature of the solution is maintained at a level of from 20° C. to 90° C.

Process for the preparation of pure silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide obtained by applying this process

Abstract: Process for preparing pure silicon dioxide from a hexafluorosilicic acid solution by controllably and vigorously admixing, stirring or blending a hexafluorosilicic acid solution with a quantity of ammonium hydroxide solution amounting to about 40 to about 75 percent by weight of the quantity stoichiometrically required for the converting hexafluorosilicic acid to ammonium fluoride and silicon dioxide to thereby form a reaction mixture and a precipitate therein; separating out this precipitate; treating the precipitate-free liquid with ammonium hydroxide and then recovering the pure silicon dioxide. The silicon dioxide is pure enough to be useful as a catalyst support or as a substitute for quartz.

Method for preparing a catalyst for the dehydration of an alkanolamine

Abstract: A catalyst useful for dehydrating an alkanolamine to form an alkylenimine is prepared by providing an aqueous or hydrofluoric acid solution of a tantalum or niobium compound, neutralizing this solution with ammonium hydroxide to precipitate the metal hydroxide, washing the precipitated metal hydroxide with water and subsequently dissolving it in an aqueous solution of a lower carboxylic acid, e.g. oxalic acid, applying the acid solution to a catalyst support to impregnate it with the metal hydroxide and finally drying and calcining the impregnated support to form the desired metal oxide catalyst. An alkaline earth metal oxide is optionally employed by impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of the alkaline earth metal hydroxide, preferably prior to the application of the catalyst.

Method of making fine silver powder

Abstract: Silver powder of high purity having a particle size within the range from 0.6 to 2.5 micrometers in diameter is made by providing a reaction mixture comprising a solution of hydrazine in deionized water containing excess ammonium hydroxide, spraying into the reaction mixture a solution of silver nitrate in deionized water, and adjusting concentrations and ratios of ingredients within limits to obtain a selected particle size within the range.

Composition of quaternary ammonium hydroxide

Abstract: PURPOSE: The titled composition useful as a stabilizer for vehicle of coating compound, causing slight coloring even after long-term preservation, obtained by adding an N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine to a quaternary ammonium hydroxide. CONSTITUTION: A quaternary ammonium hydroxide such as a compound shown by the formula I [R 1 WR 6 are 1W20C alkyl, 2W3C hydroxyalkyl, or -(AO) p H (p is 2W15; A is 2W3C alkylene), benzyl, or phenyl; n is 1W5; A' is 2W12C bifunctional hydrocarbon group] is blended with 0.001W5wt%, preferably 0.01W1wt% N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine, preferably N,N-diethylhydroxylamine. USE: Having effect as an alkalizing agent, useful as a stabilizer for binder of colloidal silica, etc., rust preventive, catalyst for producing polyester, catalyst for urethane, etc. COPYRIGHT: (C)1984,JPO&Japio

Method of making silver powder

Abstract: Silver powder of high purity having a particle size from 3 to 5 micrometers in diameter is made by providing a solution of silver nitrate in deionized water containing excess ammonium hydroxide, spraying into the solution while stirring it an aqueous solution of hydrazine in deionized water in an amount in excess of that theoretically required to reduce the silver nitrate to silver metal.

Process for making ortho-alkylated phenols

Abstract: A process for making ortho-alkylated phenols by reacting in the vapor phase an alkyl alcohol and a phenolic compound in the presence of an alkylation catalyst, said catalyst provided by a calcination residue of mixture comprising a magnesium-containing material and manganese hydroxide formed as a precipitate by bringing together an aqueous solution of a manganese salt and an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide in the presence of said magnesium-containing material.

Developer composition for positive photoresists using solution with cyclic quaternary ammonium hydroxides

Abstract: A method of developing a positive photoresist layer which has been image-wise-exposed comprising contacting the layer with an alkaline developing composition to remove exposed areas of the layer, the developing composition comprising a solution containing a cyclic quaternary ammonium hydroxide developing agent in a sufficient concentration to remove exposed areas of the layer. The present invention also includes a developing composition for use in the method.

Synthesis and Study of Tercopolymers

Abstract: Tercopolymers have been prepared by condensing a mixture of salicylic acid, thiourea, and any one of such comonomers as o-cresol, p-cresol, o-chlorophenol, and p-chlorophenol with trioxane in the presence of 2 M HCl as catalyst. The tercopolymers were characterized by elemental analyses. Their M[Mbar]n was determined by nonaqueous conductometric titration both against standard sodium methoxide and tetra-n-butyl ammonium hydroxide and also by the VPO method. Also made were an IR spectral study, a viscometric study in dimethylformamide (DMF), and a thermal study based on TGA. Chelation ion-exchanging properties of selected tercopolymer samples were also studied by employing the batch equilibration method.

Process for the preparation of pure silica

Abstract: Pure silica is prepared by adding to a hexafluorosilicic acid solution a minor amount of an aminopolycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, contacting the mixture with an ammonium hydroxide solution and separating off the silica precipitate formed. The silica produced is suitable as catalyst support or as substitute for iota quartz or mountain crystal.

Adsorbing method of boron

Abstract: PURPOSE:To adsorb stably the boron by regenerating a selective boron adsorbing resin with an alkaline soln. contg. one kind among hydroxides of alkali metal and ammonia and one kind among mineral acid salts of alkali metal and ammonia. CONSTITUTION:The mother resin obtained by haloalkylating a styrene copolymer is aminated with an amine expressed by the formula (R is -CH2-[CH(OH)]- m(H2OH or an alkyl group, m is 0-6 integer) to obtain a selective boron adsorbing resin which is used for adsorbing boron from a soln. contg. boron. The resin is regenerated with an alkaline soln. after the boron adsorbed by said resin is eluted by an acid. The alkaline soln. in this case is allowed to contain at least one kind among hydroxides of alkali metal and ammonia (e.g. ammonium hydroxide) and at least one kind among mineral acid salts of alkali metal and ammonia (e.g. ammonium sulfate).

Preparation of dispersions and gels

Abstract: The preparation of a dispersion comprises treating a chemical compound with a quaternary ammonium hydroxide so as to peptise the chemical compound to form a dispersion. The dispersion may be, for example, a suspension or a sol (i.e. a colloidal solution). The chemical compound may be, for example, a hydrous metal oxide (e.g. hydrous stannic oxide). Mixed dispersions may be formed.

Fuel sweetening with organic peroxides

Abstract: An improved process for reducing mercaptan (thiol) concentrations of sour petroleum distillates includes the treatment of these sour distillates with peroxy compounds, preferably tertiary butyl hydroxide and cumene hydroperoxide in the presence of oil-dispersible organic amine compounds such as quaternary ammonium hydroxide salts and alkalene polyamines. The preferred organic amine catalyst is Primene 81-R.

The Effect of Ammonia Ions on the Absorption and Fluorescence of an Oxazine Dye

Abstract: The addition of ammonium hydroxide to a weakly acidic oxazine perchlorate dye produces a color change by means of a deprotonation mechanism in which the hydroxyl radical abstracts a loosely bound proton, leaving the positively charged ammonium cation to counter balance the perchlorate anion. This reaction produces significant absorption and fluorescence band shifts which can be accounted for by a semi-classical oscillator model predicting two dichroic electronic band systems associated with this dye. Peculiar wavelength excitation dependent fluorescence band shifts are attributed to overlapping triplet states simultaneously excited.

Stable aqueous dispersions of curable resinous compositions and adhesive and coating compositions prepared therefrom

Abstract: Stable aqueous dispersion of a curable resinous composition comprising a half ester of a dicarboxylic acid with the secondary hydroxyl of a vinyl ester resin, the carboxylic acid group of said half ester being at least partially neutralized with an alkaline metal hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or a tertiary amine. These dispersions find utility in adhesive and coating compositions.

Ammonia-based catalyst for water-gas shift reaction

Abstract: The present invention is an improvement in the water-gas shift reaction in which an aqueous solution of ammonia or an ammonia yielding compound serves as a catalyst to increase the rate of, as well as shift the equilibrium toward, the production of hydrogen. The ammonia yielding compounds are preferably ammonium hydroxide or the weak acid salts of ammonia. Water for the reaction may be supplied by the solvent for the catalyst so that a separate source of steam is not required.