Showing papers on "Ammonium perchlorate published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, a model for estimating the fraction of aluminum powder that will form agglomerates at the surface of deflagrating composite propellants is presented for the purpose of estimating the amount of aluminum that melts within effective binder pocket volumes framed by oxidizer particles, and the effective pocket depends upon the ability of ammonium perchlorate modals to encapsulate the aluminum and provide a local temperature sufficient to ignite the aluminum.
Abstract: This paper presents a model for the purpose of estimating the fraction of aluminum powder that will form agglomerates at the surface of deflagrating composite propellants. The basic idea is that the fraction agglomerated depends upon the amount of aluminum that melts within effective binder pocket volumes framed by oxidizer particles. The effective pocket depends upon the ability of ammonium perchlorate modals to encapsulate the aluminum and provide a local temperature sufficient to ignite the aluminum. Model results are discussed in the light of data showing effects of propellant formulation variables and pressure.
134 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared spectra of the ND-stretching bands of dilute NH3D+ in NH4ClO4 were studied over the temperature range from 3 K to room temperature.
Abstract: The infrared spectra of the ND‐stretching bands of dilute NH3D+ in NH4ClO4 are presented. The spectra are studied over the temperature range from 3 K to room temperature. At low temperatures, the NH3D+ is preferentially oriented. The extent of the orientation at a given temperature depends on the deuterium concentration and thus on the concentration of NH3D+ ions. As the temperature is raised, the various ND‐stretching bands collapse due to a variety of dephasing processes. At low temperature, the dephasing process is phonon‐assisted tunneling. As the temperature is raised, dephasing is accomplished by interaction among librational states. At still higher temperatures, the bandwidth is due to stochastic motion of the ammonium ions.
29 citations
Patent•
25 Apr 1983TL;DR: In this article, the polyamine compound, TEPAN, a partially cyanoethylated tetraethylene pamine, is reacted with a selected ammonium salt to form an adduct of TEPANS and the selected ammonIUM salt.
Abstract: The polyamine compound, TEPAN, a partially cyanoethylated tetraethylene pamine, is reacted with a selected ammonium salt to form an adduct of TEPAN and the selected ammonium salt. The ammonium salt is selected from ammonium perchlorate (AP), ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), and ammonium formate (AF). The process for preparation of the adduct comprises reacting a water solution of the selected ammonium salt with TEPAN while stirring at room temperature. A TEPAN-glycidol derivative product is also reacted with the selected oxidizer salt to form an adduct of the TEPAN-glycidol derivative product. The disclosed adducts (having adduct ratios of 1.0 to 1.8 equivalents of ammonium salt per mole of TEPAN or TEPAN-glycidol derivative product, TEPANOL) improve mechanical properties and processiblity of composite propellant composition containing about 88 weight percent solids (ammonium perchlorate, aluminum, and Fe 2 O 3 catalyst), a binder of hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene and dioctyladipate cured with a mixture of isophorone diisocyanate and a trifunctional isocyanate. Mechanical properties, especially strain at maximum stress at -40° C. are substantially improved. The processing time, particularly the mix cycle time, is shortened because of the amine salt bonding agent eliminating or minimizing in situ ammonia generation during the incorporation and mixing of ammonium perchorate into the propellant mix.
14 citations
Patent•
02 Feb 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a solid rocket propellant composition comprising a major amount of ammonium perchlorate, a minor amount of aluminum powder, a small amount of binder, and an effective, burn rate modifying amount of Guignet's green pigment was presented.
Abstract: A solid rocket propellant composition comprising a major amount of ammonium perchlorate, a minor amount of aluminum powder, a minor amount of a binder, and an effective, burn rate modifying amount of Guignet's green pigment or oxidized Guignet's green. Guignet's green pigment increases the burn rate of the propellant without unacceptably increasing the pressure dependence of the burn rate.
13 citations
Patent•
03 Jan 1983TL;DR: In this article, an improved embedment system is disclosed which is comprised of an embedm granule portion in percent by weight of nitrocellulose of about 23.0, nitroglycerine of about 15.0 and aluminum powder (20 micrometers) of about 14.0.
Abstract: An improved embedment system is disclosed which is comprised of an embedm granule portion in percent by weight of nitrocellulose of about 23.0, nitroglycerine of about 15.0, resorcinol of about 1.5, 2-nitrodiphenylamine of about 1.0, ammonium perchlorate (10 micrometers) of about 45.5, and aluminum powder (20 micrometers) of about 14.0 and an embedment resin portion in percent by weight of bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin of about 44, epoxidized dimer acid of about 20, and a curative which is the condensation product of 2 moles of 1,2-bis(maleimido)ethane and one mole of triaminotriazine of about 36.0. This embedment system has superior characteristics of a high peel strength and greater resistance to penetration by or absorption of carboranylmethyl propionate or casting solvent absorption.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ammonium perchlorate, ammonium persulfate, cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine, triaminoguanidine nitrate, plastisol nitrocellulose, and a nitrate lacquer at the 5% level was investigated by isothermal and dynamic thermogravimetry in a nitrogen and air atmosphere.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal ignition behavior of ammonium perchlorate has been investigated in the presence of fuel-rich compounds such as tetramethylammonium per chlorate, trimethyl ammonium nitrate, carbon and cellulose.
Abstract: The thermal ignition behaviour of ammonium perchlorate has been investigated in the presence of fuel-rich compounds such as tetramethylammonium perchlorate, trimethylammonium nitrate, carbon and cellulose. The ignition characteristics, as studied by differential thermal analysis, have been found to be strongly influenced by self-decomposition and other physicochemical properties of the additives. For a simple system, an analytical model proposed on the basis of the coupling of two exothermic decomposition reaction kinetics and a heat-balance equation, appears to explain to some extent the observed trend in peak ignition temperature when the composition is varied. The salient features of the analysis, as regards its application to fuel-oxidizer interactions in general, have been pointed out.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the librational ground state of partially deuterated ammonium ions in the ammonium perchlorate crystal was calculated and heat capacity anomalies were predicted to be observed at around 1-3 K.
Abstract: Splittings of the librational ground state of partially deuterated ammonium ions in the ammonium perchlorate crystal are calculated. Heat capacity anomalies are predicted to be observed at around 1–3 K, a careful measurement of which will be very useful for characterizing the anisotropy of the rotational potential.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an integrated form of the relation d γ d t = aγ−bγ 2 1+dγ where α denotes the fraction decomposed at time t and a, b, and d are constants.
2 citations
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an initial ammonia pressure of about 200 Torr is necessary for practically full suppression of the decomposition of the orthorhombic crystals at temperatures close to the point of AP polymorphic transformation (240°C).
TL;DR: In this article, a binary mixture of ammonium perchlorate-sodium nitrate in molar proportion undergoes partial fusion at 223°C and the transformation of the mixture to sodium perchlorates-ammonium nitrate occurs in the broad endothermic region.
TL;DR: La decomposition de NH 4 ClO 4 est etudiee en presence de carbonate basique de Cu, chromite of Cu, CaCO 3, CaO, BaCO 3 and SrCO 3 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: La decomposition de NH 4 ClO 4 est etudiee en presence de carbonate basique de Cu, chromite de Cu, CaCO 3 , CaO, BaCO 3 , SrCO 3
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: Chauffage a isotherme 200-255°C de NH 4 ClO 4 γ-irradie. Maximum a 240°C avec une dose de 0,65 MGy as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Chauffage a isotherme 200-255°C de NH 4 ClO 4 γ-irradie. Augmentation de la vitesse de decomposition avec l'accroissement de la dose de rayonnement. Maximum a 240°C avec une dose de 0,65 MGy
TL;DR: In the case of polystyrene (PS)/ammonium perchlorate (AP) propellants, it was inferred from the earlier studies that condensed phase reactions contribute significantly to the total combustion process at ambient pressure.
Abstract: A Knowledge of the role of condensed phase reactions vis-a-vis gas phase reactions in the combustion of a propellant is essential in formulating models for combustion. The salient features of the role of condensed phase reactions in the combustion of solid composite propellants have recently been reviewed by Kishore.1 Briefly, in the case of polystyrene (PS)/ammonium perchlorate (AP) propellants it was inferred from the earlier studies that condensed phase reactions contribute significantly to the total combustion process at ambient pressure.
TL;DR: In this article, experiments on two-dimensional model propellants using cylindrical oxidizer (ammonium perchlorate) pellets in a fuel matrix (CTPB) are described.
Abstract: Experiments on two-dimensional model propellants using cylindrical oxidizer (ammonium perchlorate) pellets in a fuel matrix (CTPB) are described. Measurements show that burning rate of AP in the fuel environment is lower than of pure AP. The oxidizer-to-fuel ratio seems to be fuel-rich when the oxidizer particles are imbedded in contact with the fuel and it becomes oxidizer-rich for a non-zero separation between oxidizer particle and the fuel.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of energetic additives such as ammonium perchlorate, ammonium persulfate, cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine, triaminoguanidine nitrate, plastisol nitrocellulose, and a nitrate lacquer at the 5% level had on the thermal stability of polyacetals, aliphatic and aromatic polyesters, and polyamides.
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared spectra of the ND-stretching bands of dilute NH3D+ in NH4ClO4 were studied over the temperature range from 3 K to room temperature.
Abstract: The infrared spectra of the ND‐stretching bands of dilute NH3D+ in NH4ClO4 are presented. The spectra are studied over the temperature range from 3 K to room temperature. At low temperatures, the NH3D+ is preferentially oriented. The extent of the orientation at a given temperature depends on the deuterium concentration and thus on the concentration of NH3D+ ions. As the temperature is raised, the various ND‐stretching bands collapse due to a variety of dephasing processes. At low temperature, the dephasing process is phonon‐assisted tunneling. As the temperature is raised, dephasing is accomplished by interaction among librational states. At still higher temperatures, the bandwidth is due to stochastic motion of the ammonium ions.