Topic
Ammonium perchlorate
About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the nitrogen-rich energetic compound 5-amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole (5-ADP) was investigated using complementary experimental techniques.
Abstract: The nitrogen-rich energetic compound 5-amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole (5-ADP) was investigated using complementary experimental techniques. X-ray diffraction indicates the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in 5-ADP crystals. Compound exhibits low impact sensitivity (23 J) and insensitivity to friction. The activation energy of thermolysis determined to be 230±5 kJ mol−1 from DSC measurements. Accelerating rate calorimetry indicates the lower thermal stability (173 °C) of 5-ADP than that of RDX, which is probably the main concern about using this compound. 5-ADP also exhibits good compatibility with common energetic materials (viz. TNT, RDX, ammonium perchlorate), including an active binder. The burning rate of 5-ADP monopropellant is higher than that of benchmark HMX, while the pressure exponent 0.51±0.04 is surprisingly low. Addition of ammonium perchlorate does not affect the pressure exponent of 5-ADP, while the burning rate increases. The 5-amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole exhibits a notable combination of combustion performance, low sensitivity, and good compatibility, which renders it as a promising energetic material.
22 citations
28 Mar 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a rod-like MgCo2O4 was successfully synthesized through the thermal treatment of metal oxalates precursor originated by the reaction of metal sulfates and oxalic acid, without the addition of other additives.
Abstract: In this paper, porous MgCo2O4 with rod-like morphology was successfully synthesized through the thermal treatment of metal oxalates precursor originated by the reaction of metal sulfates and oxalic acid, without the addition of other additives. The porous rod-like MgCo2O4, with a diameter of several hundred nanometers and a length of several micrometers, was formed through the agglomeration of numerous crystalline grains sized in 10–25 nm. Its catalytic effect on ammonium perchlorate (AP) thermal decomposition was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. It was found that the pyrolysis temperature of AP reduced by 129 °C and the heat release increased more than 3.19-fold with a 2 wt% addition of MgCo2O4. Meanwhile, the addition of MgCo2O4 resulted in an AP decomposition activation energy reduction from 216 kJ mol−1 to 155 kJ mol−1, calculated using the Kissinger correlation. This study provides new insights into the design and development of high performance catalysts for AP thermal decomposition.
22 citations
01 Jan 1965
TL;DR: In this article, the combustion of ammonium perchlorate spheres in a flowing gaseous fuel is studied under conditions similar to those found in burning solid propellant in rocket motors.
Abstract: The combustion of ammonium perchlorate spheres in a flowing gaseous fuel is studied under conditions similar to those found in burning solid propellant in rocket motors. The first part of this paper deals with the theoretical aspect of the study based on the following model: a decomposition flame near the surface and a diffusion flame surrounding the decomposition flame are assumed. Results show that the diffusion flame alone controls the sphere-combustion rate. The second part is devoted to the experimental study of the combustion rate of compressed ammonium perchlorate spheres. The studied parameters are: the gas nature, the velocity of the gaseous fuel, and pressure. It is found that the rates are determined by the following equations: d2=d02−Kt for propane and ammonia, and d3=d03−Kt for hydrogen that is either pure or diluted into nitrogen.
22 citations
Patent•
31 Mar 1999
TL;DR: An azide free gas producing composition (I), preferably for use in safety devices in motor vehicles, comprises (A) 20-60 wt.% fuel and (B) 40-80 wt% of an at least three component oxidising mixture as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: An azide free gas producing composition (I) , preferably for use in safety devices in motor vehicles comprises (A) 20-60 wt.% fuel and (B) 40-80 wt.% of an at least three component oxidising mixture. (A) comprises at least 95 wt.% of a guanidine compound and 0-5 wt.% of another fuel. (B) comprises 20-80 wt.% transition metal oxide, 0-50 wt.% basic copper nitrate, 1-15 wt.% metal chlorate, metal perchlorate and/or ammonium perchlorate and 1-15 wt% alkali nitrate and/or alkaline earth nitrate.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene propellant with and without nano-alloys (Zn-Cu, Zn-Ni, ZN-Fe), where nanoalloys are used as catalyst, is investigated.
Abstract: Composite solid propellants were prepared with and without nanoalloys (Zn–Cu, Zn–Ni, Zn–Fe), where nanoalloys are used as catalyst. Catalytic properties of these nanomaterials measured on ammonium perchlorate/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene propellant by thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Both experimental results show enhancement in the thermal decomposition of propellants in presence of nanoalloys. In differential thermal analysis method, experiments had done at three heating rates, β1 = 5°, β2 = 10°, β3 = 15° per minute. Calculation of activation energy of high temperature decomposition step was done by using following Kissinger equation. Zn–Cu was found to be the best.
22 citations