Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.

The deflagration of pure single crystals of ammonium perchlorate.

Abstract: Pure ammonium perchlorate single crystal self deflagration, determining energy transfer mechanisms from pressure effects, combustion characteristics and subsurface profile

Effect of Ammonium Perchlorate Particle Size on Flow, Ballistic, and Mechanical Properties of Composite Propellant

Abstract: Composite propellant based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and ammonium perchlorate (AP) has become the workhorse propellant for modern-day missiles and space vehicles. AP is the main ingredient and is used as an oxidizer in composite propellant and accounts for approximately 70%–80% of the composition. AP plays a vital role in tailoring the burning rate of the propellant using multimodal particle size distributions and provides strength to the propellant as filler. AP is ground to different particle sizes for use in propellant formulations to achieve different burn rates and higher solid loading. Grinding of AP leads to generation of a large surface area with excess surface energy and there is a tendency for agglomeration, segregation, caking, bridging, and no flow in silo/bin/hopper, stockpile, feeder, chute, conveyor, etc. The propensity of the problems increases with increase in the time gap between grinding and mixing operations (with all propellant ingredients). Here, various grades (particle size fractions) of AP were used in propellant formulations and characterized with respect to physical and flow properties. Physical properties that were studied were particle size, shape, density, and moisture. Particle size distribution was determined using the sieve analysis and laser light scattering technique. Powder flowability was measured using shear strength, angle of repose, and tapped-to-bulk density measurements. The values of Hausner ratio and Carr index are highest for ultrafine AP, indicating that it is a highly compressible powder, whereas Hausner ratio and Carr index are lowest for the coarse AP, which indicates its free-flowing behavior.

Functionalization graphene oxide with energetic groups as a new family of metal-free and energetic burning rate catalysts and desensitizers for ammonium perchlorate

Abstract: A new family of metal-free and energetic graphene oxide (GO)-based burning rate catalysts (FGO 1–6) with excellent catalytic and desensitization performances for ammonium perchlorate (AP) were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of energetic functional groups with acylated GO. The chemical structures, thermal stabilities, catalytic properties and desensitization performances of the functionalized GO were determined. It was shown that the functional groups on the nanosheets of GO imparted its energetic performance and thermal stability, and the catalytic properties and desensitization performances were also enhanced. The reduced mass loss rate along with enhanced residues formation indicated significant improvement in thermal stabilities for FGO 1–6 compared with GO. Besides, not only did FGO 1–6 lower the decomposition temperature, but also enhanced the overall heat for the thermal decomposition of AP. The FGO 1–6 decreased the exothermic peak of the high-temperature decomposition process of AP by 88.1, 93.4, 98.3, 85.8, 90.7 and 79.8 °C, corresponding to the decomposition heat of AP increased significantly from 655 to 2707, 2915, 3529, 3002, 3642 and 2718 J g−1, which exhibited better catalytic activity than that of GO. In addition, the mechanical sensitivities of AP/GO and AP/FGO 1–6 mixtures decreased obviously in comparison with pure AP were also obtained. A new family of metal-free and energetic GO-based burning rate catalysts with excellent catalytic properties and desensitization performances for ammonium perchlorate were developed.