Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.

Optimization of Potassium Dinitramide Preparation

Abstract: The synthesis of potassium dinitramide (KDN), an intermediate in the ammonium dinitramide (ADN) synthesis, was optimized to reduce the costs of the ADN synthesis in order to facilitate competitiveness of this oxidizer with ammonium perchlorate (AP). The optimal conditions for the synthesis of KDN like feedstock molar ratio, nitration time, and temperature were determined. KDN was obtained in ca. 48 % yield. The modifications introduced allowed to reduce feedstock consumption and energy intensity of the process.

Catalysis of Solid Phase Reactions Zinc Oxide Influenced Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Abstract: We have dealt in detail with the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate in the presence of different amounts of pure, and doped with foreign ions, zinc oxide. The rate and extent of the reaction were markedly increased by the addition of zinc oxide, and the temperature of explosion of ammonium perchlorate was lowered with about 200°C. Doping of zinc oxide with lithium and aluminium oxide, resp., considerably influenced the decomposition, first of all the values for induction periods and rate constants. From the temperature dependence of the rate constants and the times required until explosion occurs, about 32 kcal activation energy was estimated, that is, both the decomposition catalyzed by zinc oxide and the explosion iniciated by zinc oxide take place according to an electron transfer mechanism. The role of zinc oxide is interpreted so that it promotes the melting of ammonium perchlorate. Es wurde die katalytische Beeinflussung der thermischen Zersetzung von NH4ClO4 durch reines und fremdionenhaltiges Zinkoxid untersucht. Die Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit wird durch ZnO betrachtlich erhoht, die Explosionstemperatur um rund 200°C erniedrigt. Aus der Temperaturabhangigkeit der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten und der Zeiten bis zum Einsetzen der Explosion wurde eine Aktivierungsenergie von etwa 32 kcal/Mol errechnet. Es wird ein Elektron-Transfer-Mechanismus und die Rolle des Zinkoxids beim Schmelzen des Ammoniumsalzes diskutiert.

Investigation of the interfacial bonding in composite propellants. 1,3,5-Trisubstituted isocyanurates as universal bonding agents

Abstract: A series of 1,3,5-trisubstituted isocyanurates (substituents: CH2CH2OH, CH2CH=CH2 and CH2CH2COOH) was synthesized according to a modified literature procedure. Experimental investigations included modification of the synthetic proce- dure in terms of the starting materials, solvents, temperature, isolation techniques, as well as purification and identification of the products. All the synthesized isocyanurates were identified by their melting point and FTIR, 1 H NMR and UV spectroscopic data. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry was also used to study the interaction be- tween ammonium perchlorate, hydroxyl terminated poly(butadiene), carboxyl termi- nated poly(butadiene), poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile), poly(propylene ether), cyclo- trimethylenetrinitramine and the compounds synthesized in this work, which can serve as bonding agents. The results show that tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate is a universal bonding agent for the ammonium perchlorate/carboxyl terminated poly(butadiene)/cy- clotrimethylenetrinitramine composite propellant system.