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Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.


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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The results of a model of the combustion of monopropellants, using ammonium perchlorate as the specific example and treating the complex gas phase kinetics and diffusion by the trace diffusion approximation, are presented in this paper.
Abstract: The results of a model of the combustion of monopropellants, using ammonium perchlorate as the specific example and treating the complex gas phase kinetics and diffusion by the trace diffusion approximation, are presented in this paper The species considered are HClO 4 , NH 3 , ClO 3 , NH 2 , ClOH, HNO, Cl, O, NO, N 2 O, N 2 , Cl 2 , ClO, HCl, O 2 and H 2 O, and are expected to participate in 14 reversible reactions Kinetic data for the reactions are based on the works of Ermolin 5 , Guirao, and Williams 1 and Jacobs and Pearson 18 The time-dependent governing equations are solved by the method of lines, and the results for mass burn rate, pressure index and temperature sensitivity are compared with those of experiments Some perturbational calculations show that inclusion of NO 2 and ClO 2 , in palce of atomic oxygen, leads to more realistic predictions for mass fractions and burning rate

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Bing Li1, Dan Shen1, Xiaoyan Chen1, Ting Li1, Jianlin Ren1, Qilin Hu1, Wanyi Liu1 
TL;DR: A new energetic complex, [Cu(2,3′-bpt)2·H2O]n (1) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, elemental analysis, X-rays powder diffraction and IR spectroscopy.
Abstract: A new energetic complex, [Cu(2,3′-bpt)2·H2O]n (1) (2,3′-Hbpt = 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(3′-pyridyl)1H-1,2,4-triazole), was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses, elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. The title complex belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c. In the complex, one 2,3′-bpt− is a chelate binding to Cu(II) centers forming a Cu(2,3′-bpt)+ unit. Then the other 2,3′-bpt− adopts chelate/bridging tridentate mode linking adjacent Cu(2,3′-bpt)+ units to a zigzag chain along the (110) direction and a 1-D channel in the ac plane. Hydrogen-bond interactions link the channels into 2-D planes. The thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with 1 was explored by differential scanning calorimetry from 323 to 773 K. AP is completely decomposed in a shorter time in the presence of 1, and the decomposition heat of the mixture is 1946 J g−1, significantly higher than pure AP. By Kissinger’s method, the ratio of Ea/...

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Theoretical estimation of the efficiency factors of solid composite propellants whose components are CHNO compounds designed from various combinations of four structural motifs, namely pyrazole and tetrazole rings, nitro group, and trinitromethyl moiety, was performed in this article.
Abstract: Theoretical estimation of the efficiency factors of solid propellants whose components are CHNO compounds designed from various combinations of four structural motifs, namely pyrazole and tetrazole rings, nitro group, and trinitromethyl moiety, was performed. The positional isomerism was shown to have effect on the properties of the compounds and the energy characteristics of solid composite propellants (SCPs) on their basis. The use of these components in metal-free SCP compositions can allow one to achieve a specific impulse of 258–263 s, neither toxic HCl nor condensed products being produced upon their combustion, i.e., they are superior in energy and environmental indices to SCP formulations based on ammonium perchlorate.

13 citations

01 Sep 1967
TL;DR: In this article, surface structures of thermoplastic and elastomeric fuels were found to be markedly different upon exposure to conductive heating from a doubly compressed stagnant gas at oxygen concentrations below those required to cause ignition.
Abstract: : Surface structures of thermoplastic and elastomeric fuels were found to be markedly different upon exposure to conductive heating from a doubly compressed stagnant gas at oxygen concentrations below those required to cause ignition. The thermoplastic polymers exhibited a molten surface, while the elastomeric fuels showed no visible changes. Vaporization followed by a gas- phase reaction is the probable ignition mechanism for the thermoplastic fuels in the shock tube environment. A gas-solid reaction may occur in the ignition of elastomeric polymers. No general conclusion can be drawn regarding the precise nature of the oxygen-polymer ignition process in the shock tube environment as consideration must be given to the physical structure of the polymer surface. Ignition characteristics of several representative ammonium perchlorate composite propellants were studied using the arc-imaging furnace. The nature of the fuel component was found to have the major influence on the ignition time, and the effect is related to the initial pressure. A model describing composite propellant ignition in a neutral environment was formulated and programmed for computer studies.

13 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1967
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the electron concentration and excess cadmium in the Cadmium oxide was investigated to explain the rate-accelerating effect of CadMium oxide on ammonium perchlorate.
Abstract: The addition of cadmium oxide to ammonium perchlorate increased the rate and extent of its slow decomposition and lowered its ignition temperature by about 180°C. The activation energy of the catalytic decomposition was about 29 kcal, corresponding to the activation energy of the electron-transfer mechanism. To explain the rate-accelerating effect of cadmium oxide, the effect of the electron concentration and excess cadmium in the cadmium oxide was investigated. Neither the electric properties nor the excess cadmium plays any decisive role in the catalytic effect. However, ammonium perchlorate and cadmium oxide react to form cadmium perchlorate, which proved to be a very active additive. In its presence, ammonium perchlorate decomposed completely below 240°C and it exploded at 257°C. The activation energy of the slow decomposition and of the reaction leading to the explosion was about 29.5 kcal. The observed rate acceleration was attributed to fusion of the ammonium perchlorate and to the high polarizing power of the cadmium ion. This idea was supported by results of the study of the effect of the perchlorates of magnesium, zinc, cadmium, and lithium.

13 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023106
2022209
2021100
2020113
2019100
201884