Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.

Inhibition reaction of LiF on the combustion of ammonium perchlorate propellants

Abstract: Lithium fluoride (LiF) is known as a negative catalyst which acts to reduce the burning rate of ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4: AP) composite propellants. To elucidate the role of LiF, the thermal decomposition process of AP particles with and without LiF was examined using differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, photomicrographic observations, and x-ray analysis. A two-stage decomposition process was observed during heating of the mixture of AP and 10% LiF. LiF acts to form a solution of AP and LP (LiClO4) accompanied by an endothermic reaction. In the first-stage decomposition process, the liquified AP decomposes rapidly to form gaseous NH3 and HClO4 which react with each other exothermally. In the second-stage decomposition process, the liquified LP decomposes to O2 and solidified LiCl. The gas phase reaction of AP composite propellants with and without LiF was examined by a microthermocouple technique. For example, the gas phase reaction rate is reduced by as much as 40% by the addition of 0.5% LiF. Thus, the heat feedback from the gas phase to the condensed phase decreases by 10 to 20%. Consequently, the burning rate decreases by 20 to 35%. This reduced gas phase reaction rate is attributed to altered condensed-phase decomposition processes between AP and LiF.

Preparation of nano-cerium dioxide and its effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Abstract: Detonation synthesis method was introduced to prepare nano-cerium dioxide. Nano-cerium oxide was obtained by this novel method and its effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was studied. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize as-prepared materials. Results showed that as-prepared cerium dioxide was cubic phase and its morphology was nearly spherical. The mean size of as-prepared cerium dioxide particles was 55 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to test the effect of as-prepared nano-cerium dioxide on the thermal decomposition of AP. Kissinger method was introduced to calculate activation energy of different specimens according to DSC data. Results indicated that nano-cerium dioxide synthesized by detonation method had catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of AP and could decrease activation energy of AP/CeO2 mixture.

Transition metal oxide nanoparticles: Potential nano-modifier for rocket propellants

Abstract: TiO2, ZnO2, and CrO2 nanoparticles were prepared by novel quick precipitation method, where transition metal oxides were used as catalyst. All nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average particle size for TiO2, ZnO2, and CrO2 was 44.8, 13.4, and 77.6 nm, respectively. Catalytic properties of these nanomaterials were studied using ammonium perchlorate (AP)/hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Both experimental results reveal that there is an increase in the thermal decomposition of propellants in the presence of transition metal oxide nanoparticles. Activation energy of high-temperature decomposition (HTD) of propellant with transition metal oxide nanoparticles was calculated by Kissinger equation. Burning rates of propellants were also calculated.

Synthesis of Rod-Like Porous MgFe2O4 Architectures as a Catalyst for Ammonium Perchlorate Thermal Decomposition

Abstract: The development of highly active catalysts for the pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate (AP) is of considerable importance for AP-based composite solid propellant. In the present study, we produced po...