Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.

Studies on effect of incorporation of BDNPF/A on burning rates of RDX/AP/AI filled CMDB propellants

Abstract: This paper reports the effect of replacement of non -energetic plasticizer diethyl phthalate (DEP) by nitroplasticizer [1:1 mixture of bis (2,2 dinitro propyl) formal (BDNPF) and bis (2,2 dinitro propyl) acetal (BDNPA)] on burning rates and Isp of nitramine (RDX) / ammonium perchlorate (AP) based composite modified double base (CMDB) propellants. Addition of BDNPF/A led to overall 9–46% increase in burning rates, as well as gain in Isp to the order of 5–10 s in both the systems. Inclusion of copper chromite (C.C.) led to further improvement in burning rates. A typical aluminized (17.5%)- ecofriendly RDX (12.5%)-CMDB formulation gave burning rates of the order of 8–22 mm/s in the pressure range of 2.9–10.8 MPa with Isp (theoretical) of 264 s. Aluminized AP-CMDB propellant with low pressure combustion limit of 1.9 MPa and burning rates of 15–31 mm/s was also realized during this work. Superior oxygen balance and heat of formation of BDNPF/A compared to DEP appear to play contributory role in this r...

The Effect of Ammonium Nitrate, Coarse/Fine Ammonium Nitrate Ratio, Plasticizer, Bonding Agent, and Fe 2 O 3 Content on Ballistic and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene Based Composite Propellants Containing 20 % AP

Abstract: It was aimed to develop the HTPB (hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene) based composite solid propellant with reduced smoke in acceptable mechanical and ballistic properties by using AN (ammonium nitrate) and AP (ammonium perchlorate) as oxidizing agents. For this reason, five different combinations, employed by increasing the AN content as 33, 43, 53, 63, and 73 % and decreasing the AP content as 40, 30, 20, 10, and 0 % were used. The propellant containing 20 % AP and 53 % AN was selected to have good processability and lower smoke content among five compositions. The content of DOA (dioctyl adipate) used as a plasticizer was varied between 35 % and 25 % of HTPB binder to improve the mechanical properties with taking the above composition as a reference. In decreasing the DOA content, mechanical properties could not be improved to the desired level, and the amount of the bonding agent TEPANOL (tetraethylene pentamineacrylonitrileglycidol) was increased from 0.2 % to 0.35 mass percent with keeping DOA content at the level of 25 % of HTPB binder. 0.495 N/mm2 maximum tensile stress and 25.5 % elongation at maximum tensile stress and 3.635 N/mm2 elastic modulus values were then obtained with 0.35 % TEPANOL value. The effect of coarse/fine AN ratio on buring rate of the propellant was also tested for three different ratios, i.e., 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40. The 70/30 ratio gave the highest burning rate. Then, the content of burning rate catalyst Fe2O3 (iron oxide) was varied between 2 % and 1.0 % with keeping the coarse/fine AN ratio at 70/30, and it was found that 2 % Fe2O3 gave the highest burning rate. Values of densities and heat of explosion were also determined for all compositions tested.

Ignition and combustion of ammonium perchlorate in a hydrogen atmosphere

Abstract: In the view to using ammonium perchlorate (AP) as an oxidizer in a hydrogen-breathing combustion engine in the Jupiter atmosphere, a fundamental study was performed experimentally on the ignition and combustion of a lump of AP in a hydrogen atmosphere. AP was found to ignite just after decomposition. The burning AP had a decomposition flame adjacent to the AP surface, and a flame of light-violet and orange color attributed to OH, ClO, and H2O emissions developed in the gas phase surrounding the decomposition flame. During combustion, the burning rate followed the same d2 law as that for liquid fuel droplets. The measured emission intensity distributions of OH, ClO and H2O showed that OH had a peak concentration away from the AP surface, and ClO was generated near the surface. The flame location was much closer to the AP surface in comparison with those of various hydrocarbon fuels in air, which was explained in terms of the large mass ratio of the stoichiometric oxidizer to fuel. To elucidate the combustion process of AP in an H2 atmosphere, the flame structure in the gas phase was calculated assuming that the oxidizing gases produced by an AP decomposition flame react with hydrogen and using a detailed gas-phase kinetic mechanism. The calculation results were compared with the measured emission intensity distributions.