Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.

Synthesis of NiO nanostructures and their catalytic activity in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Abstract: NiO nanorods and microflowers were successfully achieved via a hydrothermal reaction without any surfactant and then a post heat treatment process. Characterization methods, such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, were employed to systematically investigate the mechanism for the morphology evolution, as well as the transformation of phase structure. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of NiO with different morphologies were also examined and it was found that these properties were pretty sensitive to the morphology. Compared with the nanorods, the flower-like NiO nanostructures showed a great enhancement of the ferromagnetic properties. The catalytic activities of NiO with different morphologies were investigated through the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). AP exhibited relatively low decomposition temperature and fast reaction rate in the catalyzed formations making NiO with microflower structure an effective catalyst. This study provided a facile way to control the morphology of NiO nanostructures, which also indicates the potential application of the nanostructures, with the modified magnetic properties, in modern science and technology.

Nanosized components of energetic systems: Structure, thermal behavior, and combustion

Abstract: Ultrafine and nanosized powders of oxidizers and metals are considered as promising ingredients for the development of new highly effective solid rocket propellants. An ultrafine ammonium perchlorate (AP) powder and nanosized aluminum were produced by mechanical activation and investigated using electron and atomic force microscopy and X-ray powder and thermal analyses. It is shown that the activation energy of nanoaluminum oxidation is considerably lower than that for the micron-size powder, and the activation energy of the high-temperature decomposition for standard AP exceeds that for ultrafine AP. The exponent in the burning rate law decreases, and the burning rate increases by an order of magnitude if micron-sized aluminum is completely replaced by nanoaluminum in stoichiometric compositions containing ultrafine AP.

Condensed Combustion Products of Aluminized Propellants. IV. Effect of the Nature of Nitramines on Aluminum Agglomeration and Combustion Efficiency

Abstract: The condensed combustion products of two model propellants consisting of ammonium perchlorate, aluminum, nitramine, and an energetic binder were studied by a sampling method. One of the propellants contained HMX with a particle size D 10 ≈ 490 µm, and the other RDX with a particle size D 10 ≈ 380 µm. The particle-size distribution and the content of metallic aluminum in particles of condensed combustion products with a particle size of 1.2 µm to the maximum particle size in the pressure range of 0.1–6.5 MPa were determined with variation in the particle quenching distance from the burning surface to 100 mm. For agglomerates, dependences of the incompleteness of aluminum combustion on the residence time in the propellant flame were obtained. The RDX-based propellant is characterized by more severe agglomeration than the HMX-based propellant — the agglomerate size and mass are larger and the aluminum burnout proceeds more slowly. The ratio of the mass of the oxide accumulated on the agglomerates to the total mass of the oxide formed is determined. The agglomerate size is shown to be the main physical factor that governs the accumulation of the oxide on the burning agglomerate.

Catalytic activity of Co 3 O 4 nanomaterials with different morphologies for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Abstract: Nano-Co3O4 with different morphologies was successfully synthesized by annealing CoC2O4ċ2H2O precursors. The as-obtained samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption. It was found that the volume ratio of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and water played an important role in the formation of cobalt oxalate precursors with different morphologies. After calcination in air, cobalt oxalate precursors converted to Co3O4 nanomaterials while their original morphologies were maintained. The catalytic effect was investigated for nano-Co3O4 with different morphologies on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results indicated that all products showed excellent catalytic activity for thermal decomposition of AP and the Co3O4 nanorods with larger BET surface area and pore volume had the highest catalytic activity.