Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.

Ferrocene and [3]ferrocenophane-based β-diketonato copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes: synthesis, crystal structure, electrochemistry and catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Abstract: Ferrocene and [3]ferrocenophane-based β-diketones and their Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the molecular structures of the Cu(II) complexes. UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements were obtained. All the new compounds showed quasireversible and diffusion-controlled redox processes. The complexes displayed high thermal stability according to the thermogravimetry (TG) measurements. The β-diketone ligands and complexes exhibited high catalytic effects on the thermal degradation of ammonium perchlorate (AP) which was evaluated by TG and differential scanning calorimetry techniques, whereas the addition of Cu(II) complexes lowered the thermal decomposition temperature of AP more dramatically and released more heat compared with the addition of β-diketone ligands or Zn(II) complexes. We expect that this kind of transition metal complexes containing ferrocenyl would has great value in preparing a high burning rate catalyst for composite solid propellants.

Synthesis of chrysalis-like CuO nanocrystals and their cat alytic activity in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Abstract: Chrysalis-like morphologies of CuO have been synthesized in large-quantity via a simple chemical deposition method without the use of any complex instruments and reagents. CuO nanocrystals showed a different morphology at three different temperatures, 25, 60 and 100°C. The particle size, morphology and crystal structure of the samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectra. The catalytic effect of CuO nanoparticles on the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated by STA 409 PC thermal analyzer at a heating rate of 10°C min−1 from 35 to 500°C. Compared with the thermal decomposition of pure AP, the addition of CuO nanoparticles decreased the decomposition temperature of AP by about 85°C.

Aluminized eutectic bonded insensitive high explosive

Abstract: An insensitive high explosive is obtained by using a dicyandiamide (DCDA), ammonium nitrate (AN), guanidine nitrate (GN), ethylene diamine dinitrate (EDDN) eutectic melt binder in combination with ammonium perchlorate (AP) oxidizer, fine RDX (1 μm to 10 μm particle size), and aluminum metal as a fuel. The fine RDX particles improve performance, boosterability, and sensitivity. The inclusion of AP greatly improves air blast by adding oxygen to the reaction and insuring complete combustion of the ingredients. The aluminum extends the pressure pulse. The ratio of materials is formulated to obtain the lowest known processing temperature.

Pyrotechnic composition with combined binder-coolant

Abstract: This pyrotechnic composition is adapted, upon combustion, for generating a low-flame temperature, non-toxic gas for inflating a vehicle safety bag. The composition comprises: a fuel, such as a carbonaceous material, aluminum or magnesium; an inorganic oxidizer, such as a metal chlorate, a metal perchlorate, a metal nitrate, ammonium chlorate, ammonium perchlorate or ammonium nitrate; and a combined binder and coolant, such as magnesium hydroxide or a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate. A typical example of this composition comprises: carbon as the fuel; potassium chlorate as the oxidizer; and a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate as the binder-coolant. One may use as much of this binder-coolant as is necessary to obtain the desired binding properties in the composition, without raising the flame temperature of the gas to an unacceptable level.

The Role of Catalysts in the Ignition and Combustion of Solid Propellants

Abstract: Recent studies on the decomposition and combustion of ammonium perchlorate are reviewed with particular emphasis on the chemistry of the process and on the role of catalysts. This is used for a detailed discussion of the possible reaction mechanisms to attempt to select the specific areas requiring further investigation, both to extend the understanding of the combustion mechanism and to improve the basis of the theoretical models.