Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.

Kinetic calculations and mechanism definition for reactions in an ammonium perchlorate flame

Abstract: This article reports on detailed calculations on the reaction kinetics in APC flames on the basis of a wide set of possible reactions and experimental data on the initial composition of the gas mixture (gasification products from APC). The purpose is to select the most important reactions in this system by comparing the calculations on the kinetics with experimental data on the concentration profiles in APC flames. Discusses kinetic equations; rate constants as the reaction mechanism; results from kinetic calculations; and identification of major stages. A laminar flame such as that provided by ammonium perchlorate is described in general form by a system of differential equations that incorporate the transport of heat and matter in the presence of chemical reactions. APC is a system consisting of 4 elements (N,H,Cl and O). Points out that the scheme enables one to determine which reactions are responsible for producing the final products. Suggests that in the future one will be able to analyze experimental data on the reaction-rate profiles for stable components in order to determine either the atom and radical concentrations or the rate constants of the reactions involving them.

Modeling the combustion of propellant sandwiches

Abstract: A two-dimensional, steady-state model of a burning composite solid propellant is developed to study the characteristics of the combustion process. The solid composite is a periodic sandwich unit comprised of two oxidizer laminates (ammonium perchlorate, AP) separated by a fuel binder layer (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, HTPB). Included in the model are essential features for simulating composite propellant combustion: (1) a free surface boundary, (2) gas- and condensed-phase heat release distributions based on simplified chemical kinetics, and (3) an implicit surface regression rate (unique burning rate) determined by coupled gas-solid energy/species transport analysis. Comparisons of the model with experimental observations focus on surface geometry, flame structure, and the burning rate for variations in pressure, particle size, binder width, and propellant formulation. Experimentally observed trends for typical composite propellants are replicated. For example, the relative protrusion/recession of...

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of CdO nanocrystals

Abstract: In this paper, we report the synthesis of nanocrystalline cadmium oxide (CdO) and its characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Its catalytic activity was investigated on the thermal decomposition of 1,2,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), ammonium perchlorate (AP), hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) and composite solid propellants (CSPs) using thermogravimetric analysis (TG), simultaneous thermogravimerty and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC) and ignition delay measurements. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of AP + CdO has also been investigated using model free (isoconversional) and model-fitting approaches which have been applied to data for isothermal TG decomposition. All these studies show enhancement in the rate of decomposition of AP, HTPB and CSPs but no effect on HMX. The burning rate of CSPs has also been found to be increased with CdO nanocrystals.