Ammonium perchlorate

About: Ammonium perchlorate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2359 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33412 citations. The topic is also known as: AP.

Graphene Oxide/Fe 2 O 3 Nanocomposite as an Efficient Catalyst for Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate via the Vacuum-Freeze-Drying Method.

Abstract: The combination of graphene oxide (GO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) may induce property enforcement and application extension. Herein, GO/Fe2O3 nanocomposites were synthesized via the vacuum-freeze-drying method and used for the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). A series of characterization techniques were applied to elucidate the as-obtained nanomaterial's physicochemical properties. These results show that the treated GO is consistent with the pristine GO after the freeze-drying treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses show that iron oxide nanoparticles are anchored on and between the GO sheets. The catalytical effect investigation on AP with different Fe2O3: GO ratios indicates that the high-temperature decomposition temperature of AP could be decreased by a temperature as high as 77 °C compared to pure AP accompanied by 3 wt % GO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite which proves the high catalytic performance of the nanocomposites. The first-principles calculation was employed to elaborate the synergistic effect, and the findings demonstrate that the presence of graphene in the catalyst can enhance the catalytic effect via reducing the activation energy barrier by ∼17% in the reaction of AP thermal decomposition.

Burning Characteristics of AP/HTPB Composite Propellants Prepared with Fine Porous or Fine Hollow Ammonium Perchlorate

Abstract: Fine porous and hollow ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles were prepared by the spray-drying method. Propellants prepared with porous or hollow AP were found to have bubble contamination. The bubble in the propellant appeared inside the porous and hollow AP particles because the voids in porous and hollow AP cannot be completely filled with HTPB. The relationship between the burning rate and the weight mean diameter, Dw, and the specific surface area, Sw, is divided into two regions. The burning rate was almost constant above the critical Dw and increased with decreasing Dw below that. The burning rate was almost constant below the critical Sw and increased with increasing Sw above that. These critical points did not depend on the voids in the AP particles. The burning rate of the propellant prepared with spherical AP was dependent on Dw and Sw. The burning rates of the propellants prepared with porous or hollow AP were not associated with Dw or Sw alone and were greater than that of the propellant prepared with spherical AP at a constant Dw or Sw. The voids in porous and hollow AP particles thus had a positive effect on the burning rate.

Behavior of Several Catalysts in the Combustion of Solid Propellant Sandwiches

Abstract: Theme T two-dimensional solid propellant sandwich has evolved as a convenient test vehicle for theories dealing with both physical and chemical behavior of composite solid propellant ingredients. It allows detailed observation of the binder-oxidizer interface over a range of test conditions. Sandwiches have been used by several investigators." Hightower and Price used laminated, two-dimensional sandwiches of single crystals of ammonium perchlorate and hydrocarbon binder. They considered this configuration to be "a compromise between the complexity of the three-dimensional 'combustion zone' and the naivety of a one-dimensional approximation." Jones investigated the catalytic behavior of Harshaw Catalyst, Cu 0202 and ferric oxide, Fe2O3 in solid propellant sandwiches of polycrystalline ammonium perchlorate (AP) and carboxyl terminated polybutadiene (CTPB). Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was substituted for CTPB and the behavior of the same catalysts over the pressure range 600-3200 psia was investigated. The sandwich vertical burn rate, the normal regression rate of the oxidizer and qualitative details of the deflagration process were obtained by cinephotomacrography. The current study has extended the investigation to include two additional catalysts,